Рассматривается концепция автоматизированного управления городскими программами строительства и реконструкции.

ISBN: 978-5-93093-507-3
Издательство: АСВ
Дата выхода: ноябрь 2007

ISBN: 9781849685160
Издательство: Packt Publishing

ISBN: 9781849684927
Издательство: Packt Publishing

ISBN: 9781849690102
Издательство: Packt Publishing

ISBN: 9781849692366
Издательство: Packt Publishing

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Dans la theorie des jeux, l'equilibre de Nash, nomme d'apres John Forbes Nash, est une situation dans laquelle l'equilibre entre plusieurs joueurs, connaissant leurs strategies reciproques, est devenu stable du fait qu'aucun ne modifie sa strategie sans affaiblir sa position personnelle. Un jeu est un cadre formel ou plusieurs agents decident d'une strategie, sachant que leur utilite depend des choix de tous. Avant Nash, la determination de situation stable n'avait pas de methode formelle, meme si l'existence d'equilibres pour les jeux a somme nulle etait connue depuis 1926, via le theoreme du minimax de von...

ISBN: 978-6-1342-4985-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This Monograph provides Bayesian Methodology for Structural Change problems through Changes in Parameters of the models and Structural Changes through Mixture of Models in Time series Analysis. It also deals the models with auto correlated errors and derived the Bayesian solutions. A computer simulation study was carried out. The main aims of the numerical study are (i) to illustrate the evaluation of the estimates of the parameters on the basis of the methodology developed and (ii) to compare the two different methodologies developed based on the estimates. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...

ISBN: 978-3-8433-9367-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Interest-rate modelling is a very complex task that has been intensified over the years. Many different approaches have been tested to capture interest rate movements with varying objectives, for instance the pricing of interest rate derivatives. In this book the author Patrick P. Hargutt introduces several interest-rate models whereas he focuses on the very general Heath-Jarrow-Morton model, which models forward rates. In order to achieve a better fit of the model to historic data this book deals in particular with the more complex fractional approach which incorporates a fractional Brownian motion. Therefore this book starts with the necessary mathematical preliminaries. The fractional approach is much more sophisticated than the...

ISBN: 978-3-6393-1790-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In HIV/AIDS treatment, there is need for physician to use realistic and interpretable tools in their daily medical care of patients. In this work, a Homogenous Semi-Markov Model (HSMM) in discrete time is introduced and defined. The HIV/AIDS model considered is based on CD4 count levels and this multistate model is made of four immunological states. A large number of results have been obtained including the following conditional probabilities: an infected patient will be in state j after a time t, given that the patient entered at a time 0 (starting time) in state i; that he/she will continue to remain in the starting state up to time t; that he/she reach stage j of the disease in the next transition, if the previous state was i and no...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-6778-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Absorbing Markov chains provide a versatile tool to describe the condition of a system subject to failure. Absorption meaning failure of the system leads to phase-type distributed times to failure. The aim of this book is to give an appropriate maintenance model for systems with phase-type distributed times to failure. The main part of the book covers the description of the user's opportunities of interaction. Having a failure, the system may be repaired, and while the system is working, we may perform a preventive maintenance action. The maintenance actions are represented by stochastic matrices which, as well as the intensity matrix of the Markov chain, are the essential mathematical objects investigated. We also try to give a...

ISBN: 978-3-8381-2289-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The continued need for size, weight and power reduction is driving electronics manufacturing towards embedding of components of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Embedded components include thin film resistors placed in the build-up layers of PCBs. One challenge of embedding resistors is that applications require tighter resistance specification range as can be achieved by standard processes. Process capability analysis is widely used to assess how parts produced conform to the required specifications. In industrial practice, the normality assumption is often used to compute the traditional process capability indices (PCIs). However, the resistance values analyzed in this book are shown to be mainly characterized by non-normal...

ISBN: 978-3-6393-0461-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This research attempts to construct mathematical models for estimating length of stay per admission and investigating the effects of patients' characteristics and clinical indicators on the length of stay for the top ten Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) at a teaching hospital. It is also concerned with the development of cost per admission and cost per patient day functions. Further, these functions are used for analysis to determine a value of the length of stay that would minimize cost per patient day. Also, the effects of changing the length of stay (from the actual to the projected levels) on the total cost per year and the cost per patient day are examined. Moreover, the current cost system for the teaching hospital is evaluated and...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-2981-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In statistics, a priori knowledge is prior knowledge about a population, rather than that estimated by recent observation. It is common in Bayesian inference to make inferences conditional upon this knowledge, and the integration of a priori knowledge is the central difference between the Bayesian and Frequentist approach to statistics. We need not be 100% certain about something before it can be considered a priori knowledge, but conducting estimation conditional upon assumptions for which there is little evidence should be avoided. Данное издание не является оригинальным....

ISBN: 978-6-1328-6721-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

I discuss the estimation of a process capability index for three-dimensional data. Initially, I focus on the case in which the engineering tolerance associated with the measurements is a sphere. Then, I extend the discussion to the more general case in which the engineering tolerance is ellipsoidal. In both cases, I develop summary measures for repeatability and reproducibility, to be used in the context of a process capability index. In the spherical tolerance case I define summary measures, where each measure is based on the diameter of a sphere that leads to a pre-specified capture rate. As a process capability index, I propose ratios, where each ratio is the diameter of such a sphere divided by the diameter of the tolerance sphere....

ISBN: 978-3-8433-8517-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Twentieth Century climatology was dominated by two great figures: Wladamir Koppen and C. Warren Thornthwaite. The first carefully developed climatic parameters to match the larger world vegetation communities. The second developed complex formulas of “Moisture Factors” that provided efficient understanding of how evapotranspiration influences plant growth and health, both for native and non-native communities. In the latter half of the Twentieth Century, the Sunset Magazine Corporation develop a purely empirical set of Garden Zones, first for California. This thesis examines the digitized zones with reference to PRISM climate data. Variable coverages resembling those described by Sunset are extracted from the PRISM data. These...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-6036-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In statistics, the absolute deviation of an element of a data set is the absolute difference between that element and a given point. Typically the point from which the deviation is measured is a measure of central tendency, most often the median or sometimes the mean of the data set. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1306-4471-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In statistics, the hat matrix, H, relates the fitted values to the observed values. It describes the influence each observed value has on each fitted value. The diagonal elements of the hat matrix are the leverages, which describe the influence each observed value has on the fitted value for that same observation. If the vector of observed values is denoted by y and the vector of fitted values by y, As y is usually pronounced "y-hat", the hat matrix is so named as it "puts a hat on y". Suppose that we wish to solve a linear model using linear least squares. The model can be written as where X is a matrix of explanatory variables (the design matrix), is a vector of unknown parameters to be...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-2915-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In der Statistik ist das DIC (Deviance Information Criterion) ein Mass (Kriterium) fur den Vorhersagefehler eines Modells. Diese Masszahl ist ein Informationskriterium und gehort in das Umfeld der Byesianischen Methode fur Modellvergleiche. Je kleiner das DIC, desto besser ist die Modellpassung. Das DIC kann als Bayesianische Entsprechung des AIC betrachtet werden. Bei der Bewertung zweier Modelle mit unterschiedlichem DIC gilt sehr grob formuliert: Bei Unterschieden grosser als 10 ist das Modell mit dem hoheren DIC definitiv schlechter, Unterschiede zwischen 5 und 10 sind substantiell, bei Unterschieden kleiner als 5 und deutlich unterschiedlichen...

ISBN: 978-6-1305-9277-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-3-8383-8257-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Die Verwerfungsmethode (auch Acceptance-Rejection-Verfahren) ist eine Methode zur Erzeugung von Zufallszahlen zu einer vorgegebenen Verteilung und geht auf John von Neumann zuruck. Sie kann genutzt werden, wenn die Anwendung der Inversionsmethode aufgrund der Komplexitat der behandelten Funktion zu schwierig ware. F sei hierbei die Verteilungsfunktion der Verteilung, zu der Zufallszahlen erzeugt werden sollen. G sei eine Hilfsverteilungsfunktion, zu der sich auf einfachem Weg – etwa uber die Inversionsmethode – Zufallszahlen erzeugen lassen. Es seien ferner f und g die zugehorigen Dichten. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1304-2746-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries. Actuaries are professionals who are qualified in this field through education and experience. In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and several other countries, actuaries must demonstrate their qualifications by passing a series of professional examinations. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1307-0049-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In statistics, additive smoothing, sometimes called Lidstone smoothing after George James Lidstone, is a technique used to smooth categorical data. Given an observation x = (x1, …, xd) from a multinomial distribution with N trials and parameter vector ? = (?1, …, ?d), a "smoothed" version of the data gives the estimator: where ? > 0 is the smoothing parameter (? = 0 corresponds to no smoothing). Additive smoothing is a type of shrinkage estimator, as the resulting estimate will be between the empirical estimate xi/n, and the uniform probability 1/d. Using Laplace's rule of succession, some authors have argued that ? should be 1, though in practice a smaller value is typically chosen....

ISBN: 978-6-1327-2276-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 9781849691680
Издательство: Packt Publishing

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Advanced Placement Statistics is a college-level high school statistics course offered in the United States through the College Board's Advanced Placement program. This course is equivalent to a one semester, non-calculus-based introductory college statistics course and is normally offered to juniors and seniors in high school. One of the College Board's more recent additions, the AP Statistics exam was first administered in May 1997 to supplement the AP program's math offerings, which had previously consisted of only AP Calculus AB and BC. In the United States, enrollment in AP Statistics classes has increased at a higher rate than in any other AP class Данное издание не...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-6880-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-3-8383-3344-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011