Ionic liquids, originally known as liquid electrolytes, ionic melts, ionic fluids, fused salts, liquid salts, or ionic glasses, is a term generally used to refer to salts that form stable liquids. Among other reasons, these liquid salts are of particular interest due to their extremely low- saturated vapor pressures. From a lay perspective: an IL is a salt that forms a liquid at some temperature -- and which does not evaporate the way 'ordinary' liquids do. This characteristic has substantial...
Ionic liquids, originally known as liquid electrolytes, ionic melts, ionic fluids, fused salts, liquid salts, or ionic glasses, is a term generally used to refer to salts that form stable liquids. Among other reasons, these liquid salts are of particular interest due to their extremely low- saturated vapor pressures. From a lay perspective: an IL is a salt that forms a liquid at some temperature -- and which does not evaporate the way 'ordinary' liquids do. This characteristic has substantial scientific and commercial implications. The entities comprising an IL are predominantly ions and ion-pairs. Ordinary table salt consists of sodium cations and chloride anions; when heated to several hundred degrees C, it melts into a liquid of mostly ions. While many combinations of bulkier and often more asymmetric organic ions also form well defined crystals, with well defined melting points, many instead form glasses prior to thermodynamically stable crystal lattice formation, where the crystallization kinetics are extremely slow. For example, the salt 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, melts at Tm = -21 °C, pyridinium chloride.
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