High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! An optical tweezer is a scientific instrument that uses a focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years. The detection of optical scattering and gradient forces on micrometer sized...
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! An optical tweezer is a scientific instrument that uses a focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years. The detection of optical scattering and gradient forces on micrometer sized particles was first reported in 1970 by Arthur Ashkin, a scientist working at Bell Labs. Years later, Ashkin and colleagues reported the first observation of what is now commonly referred to as an optical trap: a tightly focused beam of light capable of holding microscopic particles stable in three dimensions.
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Самый верный способ дать людям взаимодействовать со сложным — использовать нечто вроде языка, на таком универсальном языке говорит математика. Математические символы прошли долгую эволюцию, прежде чем «заговорили» на этом совершенном языке. В настоящей книге прослеживается вся история его развития, начиная от математических символов древности, арифметики во времена древнего Вавилона, геометрии...
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