High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological imperatives are the needs of living organisms required to perpetuate their existence: to survive. include the following hierarchy of logical imperatives for a living organism: survival, territorialism, competition, reproduction, quality of life-seeking. Living organisms that do not attempt to follow or do not succeed in satisfying these imperatives are described as maladaptive; those that do are adaptive. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1337-6146-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In neuroscience, a neural network describes a population of physically interconnected neurons or a group of disparate neurons whose inputs or signalling targets define a recognizable circuit. Communication between neurons often involves an electrochemical process. The interface through which they interact with surrounding neurons usually consists of several dendrites (input connections), which are connected via synapses to other neurons, and one axon (output connection). If the sum of the input signals surpasses a certain threshold, the neuron sends an action potential (AP) at the axon hillock and transmits this electrical signal along the axon....

ISBN: 978-6-1338-2557-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological thermodynamics is a phrase that is sometimes used to refer to bioenergetics, the study of energy transformation in the biological sciences. Biological thermodynamics may be defined as the quantitative study of the energy transductions that occur in and between living organisms, structures, and cells and of the nature and function of the chemical processes underlying these transductions. Biological thermodynamics may address the question of whether the benefit associated with any particular phenotypic trait is worth the energy investment it requires Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...

ISBN: 978-6-1338-4268-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The objective of this study was aimed to study the influence of five constant temperature degrees (16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 C) on the biological characteristics and life table parameters as well as the developmental threshold and assessment of the thermal days requirements for development (DD's) for predators, Rodolia cardinalis, Nephus includens and Crysoperla carnea. In addition, the current investigations were designed to provide information for survivalship, the duration of the developmental stages and the ovipositional periods as well as the adult longevity for males and females, fecundity and fecundity rate to serve as a basis for the use of these predators in biological control program. Данное издание не...

ISBN: 978-3-6393-1568-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! La biologie marine est consacree a l'etude des organismes marins. Contrairement a d'autres branches de la biologie definies par rapport a un taxon, c'est un milieu naturel qui sert de definition au cadre de cette discipline. Son interet economique est tres important et joue sur les activites d'exploitation de la mer, notamment des ressources halieutiques et de la biodiversite marine, mais aussi touristiques, sportives, medicales, etc. La biologie marine etudie de nombreux organismes, des plus petits comme le plancton (zooplancton et phytoplancton), dont la taille peut etre aussi petite que 0,02 micrometre mais sont les premiers producteurs primaires de la mer, aux grands cetaces qui peuvent...

ISBN: 978-6-1339-8021-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! La biologie du developpement est l'etude des processus par lesquels les organismes croissent et se developpent. Elle etudie en particulier le controle genetique de la croissance cellulaire, de la differenciation cellulaire et de la morphogenese. Le developpement des metazoaires va entrainer la formation de types cellulaires specialises a partir de la cellule oeuf. La specialisation est generalement progressive. Elle n'apparait pas typiquement au depart. Cependant la cellule est deja engagee dans une voie particuliere et ses capacites de developpement sont limitees. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...

ISBN: 978-6-1339-8043-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological Procedures Online is a peer-reviewed, biomedical protocols journal that is open access and published online only. Biological Procedures Online publishes protocols in research techniques and applications of existing techniques; validity analysis of research methods and approaches for judging the validity of research reports; hypothesis development and experimental design; application of common research methods; and reviews of techniques. The editor of the journal is Shulin Li. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...

ISBN: 978-6-1341-3719-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The biological half-life or elimination half life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (for example a metabolite, drug, signalling molecule, radioactive nuclide, or other substance) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity, as per the MeSH definition. In a medical context, half-life may also describe the time it takes for the blood plasma concentration of a substance to halve ("plasma half-life") its steady-state. The relationship between the biological and plasma half-lives of a substance can be complex, due to factors including accumulation in tissues, active...

ISBN: 978-6-1329-1860-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The concept of biological control embodies the introduction of antagonists into cropping systems and also manipulation of the environment to favor resident beneficial microorganisms by crop rotation, residue management and a wide range of cultural practices. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) an important oil seed crop in India is affected with several soil borne diseases. As a result heavy yield loss occurs. Among these diseases two soil borne pathogens viz. Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani causes severe crop destruction in Madurai district, Tamilnadu, India. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-2496-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Almost simultaneously with the psyllid's establishment on pistachios leaves, many beneficial insects appear in the orchard. For this reason, plant protection products must be friendly to the ecological environment, particularly for the beneficial insects. In this work discusses whether different sampling methods lead to similar conclusions about psyllid densities in relation to sampling location (height) – sex ratio and reproductive maturity of female psyllids. Evaluated the effects of the nitrogen fertilizer on pistachio psyllid population and on nut damage. Also studied the effect of temperature on psyllid's development, fecundity and demographic parameters. Laboratory and field studies, as well, were done on the seasonal forms and...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-2731-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Biological naturalism is a monist theory about the relationship between mind and body (i.e. brain), and hence an approach to the mind-body dichotomy. It was first proposed by the philosopher John Searle in 1980 and is defined by two main theses: 1) all mental phenomena from pains, tickles, and itches to the most abstruse thoughts are caused by lower-level neurobiological processes in the brain; and 2) mental phenomena are higher-level features of the brain. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...

ISBN: 978-6-1325-6968-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A biological neuron model (also known as a spiking neuron model) is a mathematical description of the properties of nerve cells, or neurons, that is designed to accurately describe and predict biological processes. This is in contras to the artificial neuron, which aims for computational effectiveness, although these goals sometimes overlap. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1337-4969-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Biological dispersal refers to a species movement away from an existing population or away from the parent organism. Through simply moving from one habitat patch to another, the dispersal of an individual has consequences not only for individual fitness, but also for population dynamics, population genetics, and species distribution. Understanding dispersal and the consequences on an ecosystem level requires understanding on the type of dispersal, the dispersal range of a given species, and the dispersal mechanisms involved. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-5325-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (usually referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BWC, or Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BTWC) was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning the production of an entire category of weapons.

ISBN: 978-5-5107-0274-3

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological databases are libraries of life sciences information, collected from scientific experiments, published literature, high-throughput experiment technology, and computational analyses. They contain information from research areas including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microarray gene expression, and phylogenetics. Information contained in biological databases includes gene function, structure, localization (both cellular and chromosomal), clinical effects of mutations as well as similarities of biological sequences and structures.

ISBN: 978-5-5107-2673-2

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological Systems Engineering (BSE) is a broad-based engineering discipline with particular emphasis on biology and chemistry. It can be thought of as a subset of the broader notion of Biological Engineering. It is not to be confused with Biomedical Engineering as it tends to focus less on medical applications than on agriculture, ecosystems, and food science. It is not necessarily genetic engineering, although that can be a major aspect (particularly for its agricultural applications). The discipline focuses on environmentally sound and sustainable engineering solutions to meet societies’ ecologically related needs. Biological systems engineering is a broad and growing engineering field...

ISBN: 978-5-5107-2852-1

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! BiOS (Biological Open Source/Biological Innovation for Open Society) is an international initiative to foster innovation and freedom to operate in the biological sciences. BiOS was officially launched on 10 February 2005 by Cambia, an independent, international non-profit organization dedicated to democratizing innovation. Its intention is to initiate new norms and practices for creating tools for biological innovation, using binding covenants to protect and preserve their usefulness, while allowing diverse business models for the application of these tools.

ISBN: 978-5-5107-2891-0

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological anthropology (also called physical anthropology) is that branch of anthropology that studies the physical development of the human species. It plays an important part in paleoanthropology (the study of human origins) and in forensic anthropology (the analysis and identification of human remains for legal purposes). It draws upon human anthropometrics (body measurements), human genetics (molecular anthropology) and human osteology (the study of bones) and includes neuroanthropology, the study of human brain evolution, and of culture as neurological adaptation to environment.

ISBN: 978-5-5108-5190-8
Издательство: Bookvika publishing

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological therapy refers to the use of medication that is tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease. Even for diseases of unknown cause, molecules that are involved in the disease process have been identified, and can be targeted for biological therapy; many of these molecules, which are mainly cytokines, are directly involved in the immune system. Biological therapy has found a niche in the management of cancer,autoimmune diseases, and diseases of unknown cause that result in symptoms due to immune related mechanisms.

ISBN: 978-5-5108-6545-5

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological imperatives are the needs of living organisms required to perpetuate their existence: to survive. Include the following hierarchy of logical imperatives for a living organism: survival, territorialism, competition, reproduction, quality of life-seeking, and group forming. Living organisms that do not attempt to follow or do not succeed in satisfying these imperatives are described as maladaptive; those that do are adaptive.

ISBN: 978-5-5122-3267-5

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In neuroscience, a biological neural network describes a population of physically interconnected neurons or a group of disparate neurons whose inputs or signalling targets define a recognizable circuit. Communication between neurons often involves an electrochemical process. The interface through which they interact with surrounding neurons usually consists of several dendrites (input connections), which are connected via synapses to other neurons, and one axon (output connection). If the sum of the input signals surpasses a certain threshold, the neuron sends an action potential (AP) at the axon hillock and transmits this electrical signal along the axon.

ISBN: 978-5-5126-6298-4

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological thermodynamics is a phrase that is sometimes used to refer to bioenergetics, the study of energy transformation in the biological sciences. Biological thermodynamics may be defined as the quantitative study of the energy transductions that occur in and between living organisms, structures, and cells and of the nature and function of the chemical processes underlying these transductions. Biological thermodynamics may address the question of whether the benefit associated with any particular phenotypic trait is worth the energy investment it requires.

ISBN: 978-5-5126-7098-9

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological Procedures Online is a peer-reviewed, biomedical protocols journal that is open access and published online only. Biological Procedures Online publishes protocols in research techniques and applications of existing techniques; validity analysis of research methods and approaches for judging the validity of research reports; hypothesis development and experimental design; application of common research methods; and reviews of techniques. The editor of the journal is Shulin Li.

ISBN: 978-5-5126-9271-4

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Diptera is an order of winged insects commonly known as flies. Diptera which are one of the most successful groups of organisms on Earth are very diverse biologically. None are truly marine but they occupy virtually every terrestrial niche. Many have co-evolved in association with plants and animals. The Diptera are a very significant group in the decomposition and degeneration of plant and animal matter, and are instrumental in the breakdown and release of nutrients back into the soil.They are also an important component in food chains.

ISBN: 978-5-5081-9912-8

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Biological value (BV) is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organism`s body. It summarises how readily the broken down protein can be used in protein synthesis in the cells of the organism. Proteins are the major source of nitrogen in food, unlike carbohydrates and fats. This method assumes protein is the only source of nitrogen and measures the proportion of this nitrogen absorbed by the body which is then excreted. The remainder must have been incorporated into the proteins of the organisms body. A ratio of nitrogen incorporated into the body over nitrogen absorbed gives a measure of protein `usability` - the BV.

ISBN: 978-5-5086-8191-3