In this book, a new high performance face recognition system based on matching the colour pixel statistics is introduced. A pre-processing phase is introduced and applied to segment faces from the background. Furthermore, a dedicated image equalization method is introduced and implemented to minimize the illumination problems of the images for further processing. The histogram of the segmented face image as pixel statistics feature is used for face recognition by cross correlating the histogram of a given face and the histograms of faces in the database. Alternatively the probability distribution functions of the images in different colour channels, together with the Kullback-Leibler Divergence/Distance (KLD) metric is also used for the...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-4704-6
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A facial recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. One of the ways to do this is by comparing selected facial features from the image and a facial -> database. It is typically used in security systems and can be compared to other -> biometrics such as -> fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1306-9945-1
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In audio engineering, a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an audio signal. The term can also be used for film cinematography or theatre lighting, in much the same way (see fade (filmmaking) and fade (lighting)). A recorded song may be gradually reduced to silence at its end (fade-out), Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1337-6186-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The influences of the microstructure on the crack propagation behavior in the (?+?) Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied by comparing a fine bi-modal and a coarse lamellar microstructure. Fatigue crack propagation tests were performed using CT-specimens with a computer controlled servo hydraulic testing machine, operating under load control at 30Hz (sine wave) and an R-ratio of 0.1. The experiments were performed at room temperature in air. Tests at constant amplitude and periodically superimposed single tensile overloads (overload ratio 1.5) were carried out. Intermittent baseline cycles of n=5,000 between consecutive overloads was applied. For both microstructures, the crack propagation rate was reduced in the presence of overloads. This...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-7824-8
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Nearly 90% of failures in mechanical components are attributed to cyclic loading and stress which result in fatigue damage. In this book, a fatigue life assessment of a diesel engine pump part is addressed. A finite element analysis of the component for each types of ductile cast irons(GGG- 40, GGG-50 and GGG-60) is performed. Consequently,the elastic and plastic stress concentration factors for each materials are obtained. Neuber's rule is then used for determination of cyclic stress and strain at the component's notch which is the critical point for crack initiation and propagation. Experimental tests involving component specimen loading at R=0 was conducted to verify the accuracy of fatigue life prediction. The procedures used in this...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-9391-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The allowable number of cycles obtained from the relevant fatigue curve depends quite sensitively on changes in the stress range. Therefore, there exists particular interest in the magnitude of resulting variations of calculations of pressure vessels with regard to diverse influences. For analyses based on experimental data from the literature assumptions concerning the geometry have to be made in many cases as usually not all data (e.g.: manufacturing tolerances, etc.) will be available to the engineer performing the fatigue evaluation. In this work fatigue relevant stresses of seventeen vessels of different dimensions with flush nozzles of set-on-type which had been subjected to extensive and well documented fatigue tests at C.R.I.F....
ISBN: 978-3-6390-1878-3
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The word fatigue has been a widely accepted term in engineering vocabulary for catastrophic failure of materials under cyclic loadings for more than a century. Cyclic loading causes damage and material property degradation in a cumulative manner. When a structure is subjected to cyclic stress (often much less than the static yield strength of the material) it fails after a number of cycles of stress application. Therefore, fatigue is the principal failure mechanism for structures under cyclic loading. To demonstrate the fatigue behavior, the composite laminates are modeled using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Using FEM results and Tsai-Hill criterion, fatigue life is computed for various laminate configurations. To validate the...
ISBN: 978-3-6393-1246-1
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Gears are one of the most common and important machine components in many rotating machines. Gears my fail in many different ways and can be broadly classified as localized (e.g. pitting, spalls and crack etc.) and distribute defects (e.g. profile errors, surface roughness etc.). An early detection of incipient gear failure is required to achieve high reliability and to prevent breakdown. Gear failure can be predicted by measuring the changes in vibration level. Dynamic modeling of the gear vibration is a useful tool to study the vibration response of a geared system under various gear parameters and operating conditions. Defects can be simulated in the dynamic model to see its effects on vibration response. The vibration signal stemming...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-9034-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The primary idea behind deploying sensor networks is to utilize the distributed sensing capability provided by tiny,low powered and low cost devices.Multiple sensing devices can be used cooperatively and collaboratively to capture events or monitor space more effectively than a single sensing device. Most of the applications envisioned with sensor networks demand highly reliable,accurate and fault-tolerant data acquisition process.The integrity of data alone can have tremendous effects on the performance of any data acquisition system.Due to the low manufacturing cost,the sensors lend themselves to be deployed in large numbers with a high spatial distribution.Such a large deployment scheme often generates enormous amount of data that...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-6676-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
With increasing demands for efficiency and product quality and progressing integration of automatic control systems in high- cost mechatronic and safety-critical processes, the field of supervision (or monitoring), fault detection and fault diagnosis plays an important role. The technological development of vehicles has evolved rapidly and everything is almost controlled by electronic systems. In the field of vehicle maintenance there has been considerable work done for fault diagnosis in the last few years. With the advancement in diagnosis system it is possible to provide new kind of fault prediction services. The maintenance services take advantage of symptoms and data related to fault for diagnosis. It is important to explore...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-4862-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
In a real manufacturing system, faults are events that occur and should be considered as a relevant fact. However, most research considers only description and optimization of normal processes. In this book, a methodology for modeling, analyzing, and integrating fault detection and treatment with the normal processes is introduced. The objective is to prove that an approach for modeling and analyzing manufacturing systems considering all processes is essential for improving flexibility and autonomy. These systems can be analyzed from a point of view of discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS). From the DEDS context, a methodology based on Petri nets is introduced, which considers fault detection and treatment in a modular and hierarchical...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-7556-8
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Fault tolerance is a means of achieving high dependability for critical and high-availability systems. One of the difficulties in the application of fault tolerance is the lack of support from operating systems and middleware. In particular, for small-scale embedded systems, the introduction of fault tolerance techniques may also have impact on their restricted resources. This book presents an approach to provide fault tolerance support for real-time applications in small-scale embedded systems. The main idea is to integrate a customizable and extendable fault tolerance framework into a real-time operating system, in order to fulfill the needs of a large range of dependable applications. In addition, this book also covers the application...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-4068-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Susceptibility to fracture of materials due to vibration is determined from the stress and frequency. Maximum amplitude of vibration must be within the limits for the safety of the structure. Hence vibration analysis has become very important in designing a structure. The solution to nonlinear or large amplitude vibration of low flexural rigidity structures as obtained based on the lineage models provides no more than a first approximation to the actual solutions. The increasing demand for more realistic models to predict the responses of elastic bodies combined with the availability of super computational facilities have enabled researchers to abandon the linear theories in favour of non-linear methods of solutions. In the present...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-5909-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Hintergrund dieser Arbeit ist der vermehrte Einsatz von Leichtbautechnologien im Fahrzeugbau. Ziel dabei ist es, jedes Bauteil so zu optimieren, dass Material und somit auch Gewicht nur dort vorhanden ist, wo es durch seine Beanspruchung auch benotigt wird. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache wird von der Automobilindustrie der Einsatz von hohlen, geschmiedeten bzw. axial-radial umgeformten Wellen forciert. Beim Axial-Radial-Umformen wird ein bestimmter Bereich eines Rohres gezielt erwarmt. Danach wird der Umformvorgang eingeleitet, wobei dem Schmiedeprozess eine definierte Stauchoperation uberlagert wird. Die so erzeugten Bauteile besitzen an den gewunschten Positionen eine hohere Materialkonzentration, wodurch sie in der Lage sind, in diesen...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-1955-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Biomedical Engineering and electronic communication is indispensable for human civilization and it is expanding fast as an academic discipline. We welcome the readers to the intricate but very motivating field of signal processing communication and Bio-medical Engineering. The book serves the research as an introduction to the field of electronic communication intended for use of students of electronics and telecommunication Engineering, Information and Communication Technology, Computer Science and Engineering, Applied physics and Electronics, and Bio-medical Electronics. The book includes many aspects of signal processing, especially for Bio-medical data. The book is based on the authors' research experience. Clear and easy text and...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-9874-1
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Felix Heinrich Wankel (August 13, 1902 – October 9, 1988) was a German mechanical engineer and inventor after whom the Wankel engine was named. Wankel was born in Lahr, Germany, in the upper Rhine Valley. He was the only child of Gerty Wankel (nee Heidlauff) and Rudolf Wankel, a forest assessor. His father fell in World War I. Thereafter, the family moved to Heidelberg. He went to high schools in Donaueschingen, Heidelberg, and Weinheim, but dropped out in 1921. Then he learned to be a purchaser for the Carl Winter Press in Heidelberg. He lost his job because of economic problems in 1926. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...
ISBN: 978-6-1327-5453-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book has aimed to give in detail knowladge about numerical modeling technique to examine the residual stresses induced by orthogonal machining in the finished work piece. The finite element method is used to simulate and analyze the residual stresses induced by a orthogonal metal cutting process. A Dynamics explicit time integration technique with Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) adaptive meshing Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to simulate the model. The Johnson-Cook material model is used to describe the work material behaviour and fully coupled thermal-stress analysis are combined to realistically simulate high speed machining with an orthogonal cutting. Finite Element modelling of Residual stresses and resultant...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-7061-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Die Entstehung des fruhen Saugerembryos aus Ei- und Samenzelle ist ein molekularbiologisch hochst interessanter Abschnitt des Fortpflanzungsgeschehens. Ausgehend von der Annahme, die Generationenfolge sei in ihrer Gesamtheit ein kontinuierlicher Fluss von Zeichenprozessen, stellt sich die Frage, ob der gameto-embryonale Ubergang als semiotisches Geschehen interpretierbar ist. Die methodenkritische Beurteilung ergibt, dass sich die vorgenommene Interpretation als standardisiertes Verfahren zur Anwendung semiotischer Begriffe in der Biologie eignet und dass der gameto-embryonale Ubergang als Zeichenprozess beschrieben werden kann. Daraus ergeben sich Implikationen fur verschiedene medizinische und philosophische Fragestellungen. Besonders...
ISBN: 978-3-6390-6904-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The FH- 2000 or Field Howitzer 2000 was developed by Singapore Technologies for Singapore Army. It is a 155 mm/52-calibre towed howitzer gun. It fires projectiles to a maximum range of 42 kilometers using special extended range ammunition, that was field tested in New Zealand. It has a crew of eight and uses a 75 hp diesel Auxiliary power unit to give it a self propelled speed of 10 kilometers an hour movement without towing. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...
ISBN: 978-6-1337-9586-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This research involves an experimental investigation into the improvement of bonding characteristics between a mixture of polyethylene/polypropylene fibers and concrete comparing various chemical and physical surface treatments and their effect on the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). For the chemical surface treatment, several techniques of chemical etching of the fiber’s surface were used, such as two types of chromic acid solutions, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide solutions. For the physical surface treatment, UV treatment and a combination of UV and Ozone treatment were used. Non-treated and treated fibers were added at 0.32% by volume and 0.50% for the best treatment method. Compressive,...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-1382-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Engineering is a collective term to describe the application of scientific theory in the design, creation, and maintenance of technology. According to 1992 NSF data, the largest fields of engineering are Civil, Electrical / Electronic, Industrial and Mechanical Engineering. Aquatic and environmental engineering; an engineering topic, used sometimes as a synonym for Civil engineering by some universities in Sweden, since the word 'civil engineer' often refers to an engineering degree. Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering behind the design, construction and science of aircraft and spacecraft. It is broken into two major and overlapping...
ISBN: 978-6-1311-0164-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Leaf springs are essential elements in the suspension systems of vehicles including sport utility vehicles(SUV), trucks, and railroad vehicles. Accurate modeling of the leaf springs is essential in evaluating ride comfort, braking, NVH, and stability. The floating frame of reference formulation is employed to accurately model the leaf springs nonlinearities. Vehicle rollover may result from severe braking during lane changes, cornering, and maneuvering. The braking-induced-steering can lead to rollover instability. In this study, the dynamics of a detailed SUV model is investigated by using the model in a parametric study to examine the effect of various design configurations. To study the dynamics of very flexible leaf springs, the...
ISBN: 978-3-6393-1368-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
In spite of the fact that the use of contact elements in modeling crack surface contact, and thus in modeling of crack closure is inherently natural, almost no effort to incorporate it in the finite element analysis of fatigue crack growth has been reported in the literature. The traditional method is based on placing truss elements on the crack surface nodes In this research contact elements are used to model crack surface contact and similar to mentioned method the determination of crack opening stress is accomplished by monitoring the state of contact elements during incrementally applied loading. Instead of determining crack opening stress of every load cycle, an algorithm that makes it possible to find crack opening stress at...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-5791-1
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011