Dieses Buch beschreibt zahlreiche geometrische Aspekte aus der Kurventheorie. Daneben wird die Beschrankbarkeit bzw. Abzahlbarkeit von reellen Nullstellen von Polynomen durch Bedingungen an die Koeffizienten erlautert. Ferner werden Wavelets als eine Anwendung des Satzes von Bernstein behandelt. Das Schubert-Kalkul gibt Aufschluss daruber, wie die Anzahl von Objekten mit gewissen Bedingungen rein algebraisch ermittelt werden kann. Zuletzt wird das Sperner-Lemma bewiesen und verallgemeinert. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-3-6392-7614-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In topology, a branch of mathematics, an aspherical space is a topological space with all higher homotopy groups equal to–{0}. If one works with CW complexes, one can reformulate this condition: an aspherical CW complex is a CW complex whose universal cover is contractible. Indeed, contractibility of a universal cover is the same, by Whitehead's theorem, as asphericality of it. And it is an application of the exact sequence of a fibration that higher homotopy groups of a space and its universal cover are same. (By the same argument, if E is a path-connected space and p: E ? B is any covering map, then E is aspherical if and only if B is aspherical.) Aspherical spaces are, directly from the definitions, Eilenberg- MacLane spaces. Also...

ISBN: 978-6-1306-1852-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In an effort to alleviate difficulties encountered in the classroom (i.e. students not possessing adequate prerequisite skills), in the fall of 1996, administrators at a large research university in west Texas mandated a locally developed mathematics placement exam for all students enrolling into entry- level mathematics courses. Using the principles of Classical Test Theory (CTT), we now (over ten years later) revisit that locally developed math placement exam and assess its psychometric soundness. This book includes a literature review of the traditional predictors of college success used by post-secondary institutions across the U.S., a discussion of the traditional predictors of post-secondary math success, and a thorough...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-6080-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In mathematics, associativity is a property that a binary operation can have. It means that, within an expression containing two or more occurrences in a row of the same associative operator, the order in which the operations are performed does not matter as long as the sequence of the operands is not changed. That is, rearranging the parentheses in such an expression will not change its value. Consider for instance the equation: (5+2)+1=5+(2+1)=8 . Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1307-2793-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, association schemes are structures that appear in many different forms in the fields of combinatorics and statistics. Their theory is one of the branches of algebraic combinatorics. Two points x and y are called ith associates if left(x,yright) in R_{i}. The definition states that if x and y are ith associates so are y and x. Every pair of points are ith associates for exactly one i. Each point is its own zeroth associate while distinct points are never zeroth associates. If x and y are kth associates then the number of points z which are both i-th associates of x and j-th associates of y is a constant cijk. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1328-0873-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In mathematics an asymptotic expansion, asymptotic series or Poincare expansion (after Henri Poincare) is a formal series of functions which has the property that truncating the series after a finite number of terms provides an approximation to a given function as the argument of the function tends towards a particular, often infinite, point.The most common type of asymptotic expansion is a power series in either positive or negative powers. Methods of generating such expansions include the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula and integral transforms such as the Laplace and Mellin transforms. Repeated integration by parts will often lead to an asymptotic expansion. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1311-0371-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In the recent decade, methods and models from stochastic geometry and spatial statistics have found widespread applications in analysing and modelling of network structures and have become established alternatives to traditional techniques. This book provides an account of random network techniques. In a first part, random geometric models are introduced. The focus is centred on random tessellations and the study of their asymptotic behaviour. Central limit theorems for a variety of model functionals are derived resulting in asymptotic tests and confidence intervals. Goodness-of-fit is examined through simulation studies and the relevance for practical application in network modelling is demonstrated. In a second part, a project is...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-5902-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Asymptotic theory or large sample theory is the branch of mathematics which studies properties of asymptotic expansions. The most known result of this field is the prime number theorem: Let ?(x) be the number of prime numbers that are smaller than or equal to x. Some results often neglected include the probability distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic and the expected value of the deviance in statistics, results that are used daily by applied statisticians. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1302-9412-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In the mathematics of manifolds and differential operators, the Atiyah–Singer index theorem states that for an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold, the analytical index (closely related to the dimension of the space of solutions) is equal to the topological index (defined in terms of some topological data). It includes many other important theorems (such as the Riemann–Roch theorem) as special cases, and has applications in theoretical physics. It was proved by Michael Atiyah and Isadore Singer in 1963. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1306-2952-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der Realisierung eines Systems zur Berechnung der wirkenden Gelenkskrafte, in der unteren Extremitat. Basis sind die Messungen von Bodenreaktionskraften, Gelenkswinkel und Beschleunigungen. Die Hardware dieses Systems besteht aus einer Kraftmessplatte von Kistler, einem Winkelmesssystem von Biometrics und einem DAQ-Board von National Instruments. Der medizinische Hintergrund ist die Ganganalyse, welche als Grundlage zur Modellbildung und Auswertung verwendet wird. Als Software wird Matlab verwendet.Die Aufgabenstellung beginnt mit der elektrischen Verbindung der Hardware und endet mit der Erstellung eines Programms zur Berechnung der auftretenden Krafte in den Gelenken der unteren Extremitat. Da es sich...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-2120-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Augustus Edward Hough Love (17 April 1863, Weston- super-Mare - 5 June 1940, Oxford), often known as A. E. H. Love, was a mathematician famous for his work on the mathematical theory of elasticity. He also worked on wave propagation and his work on the structure of the Earth in Some Problems of Geodynamics won for him the Adams prize in 1911 when he developed a mathematical model of surface waves known as Love waves. This work was published as a book with the help of the Cambridge University Press in 1911. It was published again in 1967 by Dover, New York, USA. Love waves were discussed in Chapter 11 of this book. Данное издание не является оригинальным....

ISBN: 978-6-1338-3855-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. August Ferdinand Mobius was a German mathematician and theoretical astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of the Mobius strip, a non-orientable two- dimensional surface with only one side when embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It was independently discovered by Johann Benedict Listing around the same time. The Mobius configuration, formed by two mutually inscribed tetrahedra, is also named after him. Mobius was the first to introduce homogeneous coordinates into projective geometry Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-8478-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Augustin-Louis Cauchy was a French mathematician who was an early pioneer of analysis. He started the project of formulating and proving the theorems of infinitesimal calculus in a rigorous manner. He also gave several important theorems in complex analysis and initiated the study of permutation groups in abstract algebra. A profound mathematician, Cauchy exercised a great influence over his contemporaries and successors. His writings cover the entire range of mathematics and mathematical physics. Cauchy was a prolific writer; he wrote approximately eight hundred research articles and five complete textbooks. He was a devout Roman Catholic, strict (Bourbon) royalist, and a close associate of the Jesuit order Данное издание...

ISBN: 978-6-1306-8646-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Neben dem Rechnungszins sind die Ausscheideordnungen die wichtigsten Rechnungsgrundlagen in der Versicherungsmathematik. Sie beschreiben den durch Tod oder Kundigung hervorgerufenen Schrumpfungsprozess. Fur die private Krankenversicherung sind ausserdem die Kopfschaden von grosser Bedeutung, die in dieser Arbeit ebenfalls berucksichtigt werden. Anwendung finden die Sterbe- und Stornowahrscheinlichkeiten sowie die Kopfschaden vor allem in der Berechnung von Pramien und Deckungsruckstellungen. Je nach Verwendungszweck ist es ratsam mit unternehmenseigenen Werten zu arbeiten. Die auf empirischen Daten beruhende Ausscheideordnung sowie die Kopfschadenreihe sind fur die Berechnungen jedoch nicht geeignet, da sie Schwankungen enthalten. Diese...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-0127-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Autocorrelation is the cross-correlation of a signal with itself. Informally, it is the similarity between observations as a function of the time separation between them. It is a mathematical tool for finding repeating patterns, such as the presence of a periodic signal which has been buried under noise, or identifying the missing fundamental frequency in a signal implied by its harmonic frequencies. It is often used in signal processing for analyzing functions or series of values, such as time domain signals. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-5700-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-6-1315-4515-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure. The set of all automorphisms of an object forms a group, called the automorphism group. It is, loosely speaking, the symmetry group of the object. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1307-1164-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In Swami Bharati Krishna Tirtha's Vedic mathematics, the auxiliary fraction method is used to convert a fraction to its equivalent decimal representation. The "auxiliary fraction" is not a true fraction, but is simply a mnemonic aid used in the calculation. The method is essentially the long division algorithm adapted for mental calculation.In arithmetic, long division is the standard procedure suitable for dividing simple or complex multidigit numbers. It breaks down a division problem into a series of easier steps. As in all division problems, one number, called the dividend, is divided by another, called the divisor, producing a result called the quotient. It enables computations involving...

ISBN: 978-6-1311-2137-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The average treatment effect is a measure used to compare treatments in randomized experiments, evaluation of policy interventions, and medical trials. The ATE measures the average causal difference in outcomes under the treatment and under the control. In a randomized trial, the average treatment effect can be estimated using a comparison in means between treated and untreated units. However, the ATE is a causal estimand defined without reference to the study design or estimation procedure, and both observational and experimental designs may attempt to estimate an ATE in a variety of ways Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...

ISBN: 978-6-1338-7950-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In mathematics, an average, central tendency of a data set is a measure of the "middle" or "expected" value of the data set. There are many different descriptive statistics that can be chosen as a measurement of the central tendency of the data items. These include arithmetic mean, the median and the mode. Other statistical measures such as the standard deviation and the range are called measures of spread and describe how spread out the data is. An average is a single value that is meant to typify a list of values. If all the numbers in the list are the same, then this number should be used. If the numbers are not the same, an easy way to get a representative value from a list is to randomly pick any number from the list. However, the...

ISBN: 978-6-1302-1295-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles!The Avrami equation describes how solids transform from one phase (state of matter) to another at constant temperature. It can specifically describe the kinetics of crystallisation, can be applied generally to other changes of phase in materials, like chemical reaction rates, and can even be meaningful in analyses of ecological systems. The equation is also known as the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov, or JMAK, equation. The equation was popularized by Melvin Avrami in papers published in the Journal of Chemical Physics from 1939 through 1941. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...

ISBN: 978-6-1311-4303-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, Smale's axiom A defines a class of dynamical systems which have been extensively studied and whose dynamics is relatively well understood. A prominent example is the Smale horseshoe map. The term "axiom A" originates with Stephen Smale. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1316-4695-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In traditional logic, an axiom or postulate is a proposition that is not proved or demonstrated but considered to be either self-evident, or subject to necessary decision. Therefore, its truth is taken for granted, and serves as a starting point for deducing and inferring other (theory dependent) truths. In mathematics, the term axiom is used in two related but distinguishable senses: "logical axioms" and "non-logical axioms". In both senses, an axiom is any mathematical statement that serves as a starting point from which other statements are logically derived. Unlike theorems, axioms (unless redundant) cannot be derived by principles of deduction, nor are they demonstrable by mathematical proofs, simply because they are starting...

ISBN: 978-6-1302-0653-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-6-1311-5670-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles!In mathematics, the Ax–Grothendieck theorem is a result that was proved independently by James Ax and Alexander Grothendieck Grothendieck's proof of the theorem is based on proving the analogous theorem for finite fields and their algebraic closures. That is, for any field F that is itself finite or that is the closure of a finite field, if a polynomial P from Fn to itself is injective then it is bijective. If F is a finite field, then Fn is finite. In this case the theorem is true for trivial reasons, and true more generally for arbitrary functions, not just for polynomials: any injection of a finite set to itself is a bijection. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1311-2559-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011