High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithms to create music. Algorithms (or, at the very least, formal sets of rules) have been used to compose music for centuries; the procedures used to plot voice-leading in Western counterpoint, for example, can often be reduced to algorithmic determinacy. The term is usually reserved, however, for the use of formal procedures to make music without human intervention, either through the introduction of chance procedures or the use of computers. There is a radical distinction (both in terms of philosophy and in the heard result) between composers who use indeterminate (e.g. stochastic) procedures to compose music and those who use routines...

ISBN: 978-6-1308-1079-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Algorithmic game theory is the field of study which incorporates game theory and computation, both of which can be historically attributed to Von Neuman. At an age of around 13 years, algorithmic game theory is a new and prominent field, which uses game theoretic views to shed light on computational problems, and embraces computational tools in game theoretic theory and applications. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1325-7251-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-3-8383-9244-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Algorithm engineering is a combination of theoretical algorithm design with real-world data. By taking an algorithm and combining it with a hardware device connected to the real world, you are able to more accurately verify and validate the algorithm results and behavior. The real-world device may be a simple data acquisition or stimulus device or you may take the algorithm and implement it on some embedded platform such as an FPGA or microprocessor that may be similar to the final system design. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения...

ISBN: 978-6-1338-9630-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Intuitively, an algorithmically random sequence (or random sequence) is an infinite sequence of binary digits that appears random to any algorithm. The definition applies equally well to sequences on any finite set of characters. Random sequences are key objects of study in algorithmic information theory. As different types of algorithms are sometimes considered, ranging from algorithms with specific bounds on their running time to algorithms which may ask questions of an oracle, there are different notions of randomness. The most common of these is known as Martin-Lof randomness (or 1-randomness), but stronger and weaker forms of randomness also exist. The term "random" used to refer to a...

ISBN: 978-6-1339-0005-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. There is no “best”, or “preferred” model. The Turing machine, while considered the standard, is notoriously awkward to use. And different problems seem to require different models to study them. Many researchers have observed these problems, for example: “The principal purpose of this paper is to offer a theory which is closely related to Turing's but is more economical in the basic operations. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1329-0817-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Algorism is the technique of performing basic arithmetic by writing numbers in place value form and applying a set of memorized rules and facts to the digits. One who practices algorism is known as an algorist. This system largely superseded earlier calculation systems that used a different set of symbols for each numerical magnitude and in some cases required a device such as an abacus. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1328-9094-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In mathematics, computing, and related subjects, an algorithm is an effective method for solving a problem using a finite sequence of instructions. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing and many otherfields. Each algorithm is a list of well-defined instructions for completing a task. Starting from an initial state, the instructions describe a computation that proceeds through a well-defined series of successive states, eventually terminating in a final ending state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as randomized algorithms,...

ISBN: 978-6-1302-9638-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

A well known composer of experimental music, especially known for his lively and engaging discussions of his ideas, Warren Burt has been investigating algorithmic composition and microtonality for four decades. Algorithmic composition is composing where the composer chooses a set of rules with which to generate a composition. Microtonality is use of musical scales different than the equally tuned 12 notes per octave scale normally used in Western music. In the 1980s, Burt encountered the microtonal music theories of Los Angeles based theorist Ervin Wilson, which he began investigating. Eleven compositions, each generated with a different set of rules, and each using a different tuning, or family of tunings, mostly derived from Wilson's...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-2646-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. This paper is a combined work by Alan M. Frieze and Ravindran Kannan. They use two lemmas to derive the algorithmic version of the Szemeredi regularity lemma to find an -regular partition. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1337-4972-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! ALGOR Simulation is a general-purpose multiphysics finite element analysis software package developed by ALGOR Incorporated for use on the Microsoft Windows and GNU/Linux computer operating systems. It is distributed in a number of different core packages to cater to specifics applications, such as mechanical event simulation and computational fluid dynamics.

ISBN: 978-5-5114-5274-6

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Algorithmic art, also known as algorithm art, is art, mostly visual art, of which the design is generated by an algorithm. Algorithmic artists are sometimes called algorists.

ISBN: 978-5-5126-6515-2

ISBN: 978-5-5146-0222-3

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ali Akbar Khan, often referred to as Khansahib or by the title Ustad (master), was a Hindustani classical musician of the Maihar gharana, known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod. Khan was instrumental in popularizing Indian classical music in the West, both as a performer (often in conjunction with Sitar maestro Ravi Shankar), and as a teacher. He established a music school in Calcutta in 1956, and the Ali Akbar College of Music in 1967, which is now located in San Rafael, California and has a branch in Basel, Switzerland. Khan also composed several classical ragas and filmscores. He was a Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Music at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Данное...

ISBN: 978-6-1338-3221-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ali and Nino: A Love Story is a love story published under the pseudonym Kurban Said. The novel now has been published in more than 30 languages, with nearly 100 editions or reprints. The book was first published in Vienna in the German language in 1937, by E.P. Tal Verlag. Current research shows that Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, not Essad Bey, is the primary core author of the novel Ali and Nino.

ISBN: 978-5-5143-1479-9

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ali Birra (born September 29, 1950)is a famous Oromo singer, composer, poet and nationalist. He was born in Lagaharre village in the city of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. ALi birra was born in Dire Dawa (laga harre). His parents were separated when he was three years old, after which he was brought up by his father. He attended Arabic school as a child where he learnt Arabic language. He then enrolled in local academic school and pursued his education till the sixth grade. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1336-0316-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-5-5140-7470-9

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ali Hossaini (b. West Virginia) is an American artist, philosopher and businessperson. In 2010 the New York Times described him as a "biochemist turned philosopher turned television producer turned visual poet" in reference to a body of work which spans art, science and philosophy. He has served as an executive in a number of media and technology-oriented businesses, where he has been responsible for introducing innovations in content, interaction and distribution that developed into industry standards.

ISBN: 978-5-5149-9169-3

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ali Ibn Isa or Ali Ben Isa was an Afro-Arab astronomer, geographer and ophthalmologist in the 9th century. He wrote the landmark textbook on ophthalmology in medieval Islam, Notebook of the Oculists, for which he was known in medieval Europe as Jesu Occulist, with "Jesu" being a Latin translation of "Isa", the Arabic name for Jesus. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1339-8816-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-6-1336-0538-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Dr. Ali Moustafa Mosharafa Pasha (11 July 1898 – 16 January 1950 ) was an Egyptian theoretical physicist. He was professor of applied mathematics in the Faculty of Science at Cairo University, and also served as its first dean. He contributed to the development of the quantum theory as well as the theory of relativity and corresponded with Albert Einstein.

ISBN: 978-5-5128-0446-9

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ala al-D?n Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Turkish: Ali Ku?cu; Latin: Ali Kushgii), was an astronomer, mathematician, physicist and scientist from Central Asia. He is best known for his development of an astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's motion in his treatise, Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy, in addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and his efforts in founding Sahn-? Seman University, one of the first Ottoman universities. Sources variously describe him as either a Persian or a Central Asian Turk. Данное...

ISBN: 978-6-1317-4529-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ali Zafar also known as the Prince of Pop (born May 18, 1980 in Lahore, Pakistan), is a Pakistani musician, actor, painter and model probably most noted around South Asia for his music, including his hit songs like "Channo", "Rangeen", "Chal Dil Merey", "Dekha", "Masty" and "Sajania". He started his singing career with his hit song "Jugnuon Se Bhar Le Aanchal" in the film Shararat directed by Pakistani actress and director Samina Peerzada. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1318-3552-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing refers to an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also refers to the distortion or artifact that results when the signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.

ISBN: 978-5-5080-7915-4

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The names Alice and Bob are commonly used placeholder names for archetypal characters in fields such as cryptography and physics. The names are used for convenience, since explanations such as "Person A wants to send a message to person B" can be difficult to follow in complex systems involving many steps. Following the alphabet, the specific names have evolved into common parlance within these fields—helping technical topics to be explained in a more understandable fashion. In cryptography and computer security, there are a number of widely-used names for the participants in discussions and presentations about various protocols. The names are conventional, somewhat self-suggestive, sometimes...

ISBN: 978-6-1317-0847-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011