Over the last decade, in the world of cryogenic high precision measurements, capacitive sensors have proven to be particularly useful for measuring very small motions. But little academic literature exists on how to implement and utilize this powerful technology. NASA scientists working on the Satellite Test of Equivalence Principle (STEP) spacecraft need to measure extremely small distances at cryogenic temperature. This book presents an innovative approach for the same by using a pendulum between two capacitive plates. The test-bed is used to test the spacecraft payload that contains many differential capacitors. Capacitive simulations are used to calculate the differential capacitance of the pendulum and this information is compared...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-0113-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A cryopump is a vacuum pump that traps gases and vapours by condensing them on a cold surface. They are only effective on some gases, depending on the freezing and boiling points of the gas relative to the cryopump's temperature. They are sometimes used to block particular contaminents, for example in front of a diffusion pump to trap backstreaming oil, or in front of a McLeod gauge to keep out water. In this function, they are called a cryotrap or cold trap, even though the physical mechanism is the same as for a cryopump. Cryotrapping can also refer to a somewhat different effect, where molecules will increase their residence time on a cold surface without actually freezing. There is a delay...

ISBN: 978-6-1326-4097-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! La cryptanalyse est la science qui consiste a tenter de comprendre un message ayant ete chiffre sans posseder la cle de chiffrement. Le processus par lequel on tente de comprendre un message en particulier est appele une attaque. Une attaque est souvent caracterisee par les donnees qu'elle necessite : attaque sur texte chiffre seul (ciphertext-only en anglais) : le cryptanalyste possede des exemplaires chiffres des messages, il peut faire des hypotheses sur les messages originaux qu'il ne possede pas. La cryptanalyse est plus ardue de par le manque d'informations a disposition. attaque a texte clair connu (known-plaintext attack en anglais) : le cryptanalyste possede des messages ou des parties...

ISBN: 978-6-1339-7890-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! La cryptographie est une des disciplines de la cryptologie s'attachant a proteger des messages (assurant confidentialite, authenticite et integrite) en s'aidant souvent de secrets ou cles. Elle est utilisee depuis l'Antiquite, mais certaines de ses methodes les plus importantes, comme la cryptographie asymetrique, n'ont que quelques dizaines d'annees d'existence. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1316-8136-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The photovoltaic industry has grown fast the recent years, but the price per watt has not jet reached grid parity. A further increase in solar cell efficiency is therefore needed. It is suggested in this work that the main quality problem in multicrystalline silicon wafers is the existence of dislocation clusters covering large wafer areas. Dislocation formation mechanisms such as punch-out from precipitates with a thermal expansion coefficient different from that of the silicon matrix, intergranular – and intragranular hardening and development of strain fields due to differences in the elasticity module between different grains are reviewed. For dislocations nucleated by an angular grain boundary a multiplication and growth mechanism...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-5232-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Crytek is a German video game company founded in 1999 by three Turkish brothers: Cevat, Avni and Faruk Yerli. Crytek's main headquarters are in Frankfurt,Germany, with four other studios in Kiev, Budapest, Sofia, and Nottingham. Crytek's development team is made up of 296 game professionals from Europe (249), Asia (24), North America (14), Oceania (7) and Africa (1). They are best known for developing the game Far Cry and the CryEngine that the game uses, and more recently Crysis and CryEngine 2. They are currently developing CryEngine 3 which was first demonstrated at GDC 2009. Crytek has partnerships with Electronic Arts, Ubisoft, NVIDIA, Intel, AMD, FMOD, Scaleform, Xoreax Software, Sparkasse Coburg, and Rating Services. Crytek's...

ISBN: 978-6-1306-2638-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The CS Faraday was a cable ship built by the Siemens Brothers Company in 1874. The Faraday was built to William Siemens' specification as he had first hand experience of the unsuitability of chartered vessels for cable laying. The Faraday incorporated twin screws and a bow rudder amongst other modifications to improve her suitability for this task. William's wife Anne launched the ship with the traditional smashing of a bottle of wine. Faraday spent the next 50 years laying an estimated total of 50,000 nautical miles (93,000 km) of cable for the Siemens Brothers, including several transatlantic cables under the...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-8295-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! CS Mackay-Bennett was a cable repair ship registered in London, England, owned by the Commercial Cable Company. The men who served aboard her pronounced the name "Macky-Bennett." She had a long career fixing undersea cables in the North Atlantic. Although mainly based out of Halifax, Nova Scotia, she was also often used for operations on the European side of the Atlantic. Her European home port was Plymouth, England. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1337-6977-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! CSS Virginia was a steam-powered battery design ironclad warship of the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War, built using the remains of the scuttled USS Merrimack in 1862. She was one of the participants in the Battle of Hampton Roads in March 1862 opposite the USS Monitor. The battle is chiefly significant in naval history as the first battle between two ironclads. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1308-2198-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The CST-100 (Crew Space Transportation) crew capsule is a spacecraft design proposed by Boeing in collaboration with Bigelow Aerospace as their entry for NASA`s Commercial Crew Development (CCDev) program. Its primary mission would be to transport crew to the International Space Station, and to private space stations such as the proposed Bigelow Aerospace Commercial Space Station.

ISBN: 978-5-5144-7114-0

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! CSTS (Crew Space Transportation System) or ACTS (Advanced Crew Transportation System) is a human spaceflight system proposal. It was originally a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Space Agency (FKA), but is now solely an ESA project. It aims to design a spacecraft for low earth orbit operations such as servicing the International Space Station but also capable of exploration of the Moon and beyond. This study was conceived as a basic strategic plan to keep a viable European human space program alive because NASA officials had announced that NASA`s Vision for Space Exploration Orion spacecraft, subsequently cancelled, would be developed without participation...

ISBN: 978-5-5081-4849-2

CSX Transportation (reporting mark CSXT) operates a Class I railroad known as the CSX Railroad in the United States, owned by the CSX Corporation. The company is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, and owns approximately 22,000 route miles. CSX operates one of the three Class I railroads serving most of the East Coast, the other two being the Norfolk Southern Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. This railroad also serves the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1316-2479-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-5-5141-9355-4

A cuckoo clock is a clock, typically pendulum-driven, that strikes the hours using small bellows and pipes that imitate the call of the Common Cuckoo in addition to striking a wire gong. The mechanism to produce the cuckoo call was installed in almost every kind of cuckoo clock since the middle of the eighteenth century and has remained almost without variation until the present. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1306-1570-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A cul-de-sac (literally "bottom of the bag") is a word of Catalan origin referring to a dead end, close, no through road (UK English) or court (American and Australian English) meaning dead-end street with only one inlet/outlet. While historically built for other reasons, its modern use is to calm vehicle traffic. In urban planning culs-de-sac are created to limit through-traffic in residential areas. While some culs-de-sac provide no possible passage except in and out of their road entry, others allow cyclists, pedestrians or other non-automotive traffic to pass through connecting easements or paths. In traffic engineering parlance, the cul-de-sac defines the local street as having primarily...

ISBN: 978-6-1316-5892-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Culmer White was a 19th century lifeboat of the Isle of Thanet. With the resounding success of the ‘Mary White’ in 1851 and the subsequent presentation of the ‘Culmer White’ in 1853 soon afterward both the Coastguard and the R.N.L.I. were equipping their stations with White’s boats, from these humble origins and a developing reputation White’s boatyard grew to become John Samuel Whites of Cowes, a flourishing tradition developed which lasted well into the 1960’s with 134 White’s Lifeboat’s ordered, completed and delivered. Whites patented lifeboats featured a “double skin of planking with waterproof material in between”, on the whole “a fine example of skillful...

ISBN: 978-6-1325-9730-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A cultivator is a farm implement for stirring and pulverizing the soil, either before planting or to remove weeds and to aerate and loosen the soil after the crop has begun to grow. It is powered by a tractor and stirs the soil, usually to a greater depth than does the harrow. Similar but much smaller machines are used for gardening. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1308-2616-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Cultural Creatives is a term coined by sociologist Paul H. Ray and psychologist Sherry Ruth Anderson to describe a large segment in Western society that has recently developed beyond the standard paradigm of Modernists versus Traditionalists or Conservatists. The concept was presented in their book The Cultural Creatives: How 50 Million People Are Changing the World (2000), where they claim to have found that 50 million adult Americans (slightly over one quarter of the adult population) can now be identified as belonging to this group. They estimated that there were an additional 80–90 million Cultural Creatives in Europe as of 2000. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1325-9607-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A cup holder is a device to hold a cup or other drinking vessel. It is a fixture in automobiles, trains, and other transportation, as well as in some movie theatres, sports arenas. The development of the drive-in restaurant was a step in the cupholder's development. Servers would attach a tray that hooked over the car's side window, which needed to be left up a little for it to attach to. This gave a temporary table to hold drinks and food while eating in the car. The drive-in restaurant and cinema encouraged the development of built-in tray tables; often, the inside of the glove compartment lid, when folded down, had indentations to hold cups and cans, and were found in cars as early as the...

ISBN: 978-6-1318-3722-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A cupboard or press is a type of cabinet, often made of wood, used indoors to store household objects such as food, crockery, textiles and liquor, and protect them from dust and dirt. As the name suggests, this piece of furniture was originally a simple board or table on which to place cups or mugs--recorded use of such a name dates back to at least the Middle Ages. For the last few centuries, "cupboard" has referred to a storage area enclosed by doors. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-0226-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A currency detector is a device that determines if a piece of currency is, or is not, counterfeit. These devices are used in vending machines that accept payment and dispense a product to a customer. They are also used in change machines and in slot machines. The process involves examining the currency that has been inserted, and by using various tests, determine if the currency is counterfeit. Since the parameters are different for each coin or paper money, these detectors must be programmed for each item that they are to accept. In operation, if the item is accepted it is retained by the machine and placed in a storage device. If the item is rejected, the machine returns the item. If it is a...

ISBN: 978-6-1340-5362-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Currency bill tracking is the process (usually facilitated by any one of a number of websites set up for the purpose) of tracking the movements of banknotes, similar to how ornithologists track migrations of birds by ringing them. Currency bill tracking sites can track currency among the users of that website. A user may register a bill by entering its serial number, and if someone else has already registered the bill, then the "route" of the bill can be displayed. Some bill tracking sites encourage marking before spending, whereas others do not. This usually depends on the laws of the country issuing the currency. Данное издание не является оригинальным....

ISBN: 978-6-1338-7655-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Curta is a small, hand-cranked mechanical calculator introduced in 1948. It has an extremely compact design, a small cylinder that fits in the palm of the hand. It can be used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and, with more difficulty, square roots and other operations. The Curta's design is a descendant of Gottfried Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner and Thomas's Arithmometer, accumulating values on cogs, which are added or complemented by a stepped drum mechanism. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-4589-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Curtiss P-40, Comparison of P-40 variants, List of Curtiss P-40 survivors, Curtiss-Wright, Supercharger, Supermarine Spitfire, Messerschmitt Bf 109, Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, South African Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force, Desert Air Force, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Aleutian Islands Campaign, Nakajima A6M2-N. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1300-5887-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Colorectal cancer includes cancer of the colon, rectum, anus, and appendix. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death and is the third most common form of cancer in the United States. Since it is largely preventable, several screening tests are recommended for all people age fifty and over. Although an optical colonoscopy can detect more than 90 percent of colorectal cancers, it is invasive, uncomfortable and inconvenient. On the contrary, virtual colonoscopy (VC) is a computer-based alternative to real colonoscopy. VC has many advantages, such as being non-invasive, more cost-effective, free of risks and side effects, and easily tolerated by the patient. This book is concerned with 3D colon segmentation, 3D colon object...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-0982-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011