A classical problem in fluid mechanics, laminar to turbulent transition in pipe flow, was investigated. Transition in pipe flow was first studied in detail by Reynolds (1883) and continued subsequently by numerous researchers. Nevertheless, there are still number of unknown issues that need clarification. As is well known, two distinct types of flow structure exist during a laminar to turbulent transition in pipes, namely puffs and slugs, termed by Wygnanski (1973). Investigations described in this dissertation were concentrated in the development of puffs and slugs in a pipe at different Reynolds numbers, following some preliminary research works. Also considered is a transformation from puffs to slugs through puff splittings, occurring...

ISBN: 978-3-8381-0318-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The use of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of drinking water is becoming widespread due to the benefits of enhanced protection against pathogens without forming disinfection by-products. However, one important limitation of UV is the formation of lamp sleeve foulants. Lamp sleeve foulants are problematic because they absorb the UV radiation that is generated by lamp sleeves, and is supposed to pass through lamp sleeves, into the disinfection reactor, and be absorbed by pathogens. Fouling of UV lamp sleeves has been observed in a wide variety of waters being treated, including "mineral rich" waters high in calcium, iron, and other dissolved metals, but also in waters that would be considered low in dissolved minerals. Rate of fouling also...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-2023-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-5-5099-8697-0

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Lanczos resampling is a multivariate interpolation method used to compute new values for any digitally sampled data. It is often used for image scaling, but could be used for any other digital signal. In the case of digital image resizing, the Lanczos function indicates which pixels in the original image, and in what proportion, make up each pixel of the final image. The filter is named after Cornelius Lanczos, because he showed how to use Fourier series and Chebyshev polynomials for various problems where it was not used before. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...

ISBN: 978-6-1327-0109-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

В Руководстве рассмотрены Freelander hardback (с жестким съемным верхом), softback (с мягким верхом) и station wagon (5-дверный "универсал"), включая специальные варианты/ варианты ограниченной серии. Бензиновые двигатели: 4-цилиндровые двигатели 1.8 л (1796 куб.см). Дизельные двигатели: 2.0 л (1951 куб.см) TD4. Не рассмотрены модели с бензиновыми двигателями V6 2.5 л и модельный ряд "Freelander 2", представленный в ноябре 2006 г.

ISBN: 978-5-93392-150-9
Издательство: Алфамер Паблишинг
Дата выхода: сентябрь 2008

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Land Arts of the American West is a studio-based field program that seeks to construct an expanded definition of land art through direct experience connecting the full range of human interventions in the landscape--from pre-contact indigenous to contemporary practice. Our definition of land art includes everything from constructing a road, to taking a walk, building a monument, and leaving a mark in the sand. The program seeks to expand upon connections between typically separate fields. Each fall we spend two months camping while traveling 10,000 miles to engage sites that range from the CLUI complex at Wendover, Utah to the pottery culture at Mata Ortiz, Mexico, from earth works like James...

ISBN: 978-6-1307-8173-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Land sailing, also known as sand yachting or land yachting, is the act of moving across land in a wheeled vehicle powered by wind through the use of a sail. The term comes from analogy with (water) sailing. Historically, land sailing was used as a mode of transportation or recreation. Since the 1950s it has evolved primarily into a racing sport. Vehicles used in sailing are known as sail wagons, sand yachts, or land yachts. They are typically three-wheeled vehicles that function much like a sailboat, except that they are operated from a sitting or lying position and steered by pedals or hand levers. Land sailing works best in windy, flat areas, and races often take place on beaches, air fields,...

ISBN: 978-6-1316-8170-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The health of the Chesapeake Bay has deteriorated substantially because of nutrient pollution. Three main sources of the pollution are agriculture, air pollution, and sewage treatment facilities. This book focused on the nutrient pollution caused by sewage treatment facilities. In the Chesapeake Bay region, there are approximately 300 significant publicly owned treatment facilities that discharge over 0.5 MGD. It is estimated by the Chesapeake Bay Program that approximately 285 million pounds of nitrogen was discharged into the Bay in 2000, reducing DO levels, which in turn adversely affects the Bay ecosystem. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using land application of treated wastewater effluent to reduce...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-8017-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Leachate management technology has evolved over time, varying with the type and complexity of leachate. The technologies in temperate countries may not satisfactorily operate under tropical conditions. It is important to prevent the volume of leachate generated to reduce the cost of treatment and to minimize pollution. Leacheate treatment is expensive and the method of treatment may be ineffective. This book discussed various landfill cover options to provide an efficient technology to minimise the volume of leacheate generated. The models described are based on VHELP software which incorporates the latest technology for volume reduction. The contents include an overview of the final cover systems, and factors affecting volume of...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-7377-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Lane hydrogen producer was an apparatus for hydrogen production based on the steam-iron process and water gas invented in 1903 by Howard Lane. The first Lane hydrogen producer was demonstrated in St. Louis in 1907 to inflate balloons for the Gordon- Bennet race. Different Lane plants were in use around the world to inflate Zeppelins and military balloons.Where hydrogen was commonly produced with the single retort like the Messerschmitt and the Bamag type, Lane introduced the multiple retort type. In the Lane generator water gas was used to heat the retorts up to 600-800 °C after which water gas-air was used in the retorts Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1337-6742-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Langport and Castle Cary Railway is a railway line from Castle Cary railway station to Cogload Junction near Taunton, Somerset, England, which reduced the length of the London to Penzance Line by 20 1/4 miles. Through trains from London Paddington station to Penzance in Cornwall started running in 1867 taking a circuitous route over the Great Western Railway (GWR) to Bristol, then the Bristol and Exeter Railway through Taunton to Exeter, the South Devon Railway to Plymouth Millbay railway station, the Cornwall Railway to Truro, and finally completing their journey on the West Cornwall Railway. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1308-9444-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A lantern is a portable lighting device used to illuminate broad areas. Lanterns may also be used for signaling, to guide your path somewhere or as general light sources for camping. In the older days it would have been used like a torch. Dim varieties are often used for decoration. The term "lantern" is also used more generically to mean a 'light source' or the enclosure for a light source, i.e., the housing for the lamp and lens — that is the top section — of a lighthouse. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1338-2916-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), also called lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite is a ceramic material of the ferrite group. It is a mixture of lanthanum(III) oxide, strontium oxide, cobalt oxide and iron oxide (cobalt iron oxide). It is black in color and crystallizes in a skewed perovskite structure. LSCF undergoes phase transformations at various temperatures depending on the composition. This material is considered a mixed ionic electronic conductor with transference number close to 1. It can become non-stoichiometric at low oxygen partial pressures and high temperature. LSCF is being investigated as a material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. LSCF is...

ISBN: 978-6-1317-3596-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Largest optical telescopes in the 18th century, are listings of what were, for the time period of the 18th century, large optical telescopes. The list includes various refractor and reflector that were active some time between about 1699 to 1801. It is oriented towards astronomy, not terrestrial telescopes (e.g. spyglass). Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1341-2212-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Large-screen television technology developed rapidly in the late 1990s and 2000s. Various thin screen technologies are being developed, but only the liquid crystal display, plasma display and Digital Light Processing were released on the public market. These technologies have almost completely displaced cathode ray tubes in television sales, due to the necessary bulkiness of the cathode ray tubes. However, just released technologies like organic light-emitting diode and not-yet released technologies like surface-conduction electron-emitter display or field emission display are making their way to replace the first flat screen technologies in picture quality. The diagonal screen size of a CRT...

ISBN: 978-6-1326-4997-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Decreasing time and costs is a major objective in many businesses today. Including modularity in the early design phases can effectively decrease time spent on and costs associated with a project. The task of identifying modules within a product early in the design process (when decisions are less expensive) is made less daunting by using the techniques of functional modeling and module heuristics. This work discusses the results of the efforts to verify the module heuristics on large products. Observations on needed modifications to the functional modeling technique and original module heuristics are reported along with an investigation of using potential risk statements to formulate modules. It is the finding of this work that the...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-7423-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The following is a list of the largest optical telescope of the 20th century with a focus on objective diameters. Aperture rank currently goes approximately by the usable physical aperture size and not by aperture synthesis, although interferometers attained some of the highest angular resolutions at visible and infrared wavelengths compared to traditional telescopes. Diverging methods of construction and use for reflecting telescopes in that area make comparing synthesized aperture irregular Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1341-2191-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT, originally named the Columbus Project) is located on 10,700-foot Mount Graham in the Pinaleno Mountains of southeastern Arizona and is a part of the Mount Graham International Observatory. The LBT is one of the world's highest resolution and most technologically advanced optical telescopes. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1325-1319-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The following page lists five of the largest power stations in the world of each type, in terms of current installed electrical capacity. Non-renewable power stations are those that run on coal, fuel oils and natural gas, while renewable power stations run on fuel sources such as biomass, geothermal heat, hydro, solar energy, solar heat, tides, waves and the wind. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1340-8897-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A list of the largest optical refracting telescopes sorted by lens diameter and focal length. The largest practical functioning refracting telescope is the Yerkes Observatory 40 inch (102 cm) refractor, used for astronomical and scientific observation for over a century. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1341-1359-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Largest optical telescopes in the 19th century, are listings of what were, for the time period of the 19th century large optical telescopes. See List of largest optical telescopes in the 20th century for the 1900s. The list includes various refractor and reflector that were active some time between about 1799 to 1901. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1341-2196-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Lars Magnus Ericsson (May 5, 1846 - December 17, 1926) was a Swedish inventor, entrepreneur and founder of telephone equipment manufacturer Ericsson (incorporated as Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson). Lars Magnus was born in Varmskog, Varmland and grew up in the small village of Vegerbol, between Karlstad and Arvika. At the age of twelve his father died, and he had to start working as a miner. He worked until he had money enough to leave the village and move to Stockholm in 1867. He then worked for six years for an instrument maker named Ollers Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1329-1490-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Lartigue Monorail system was developed by the French engineer Charles Lartigue (1834-1907). He developed a horse drawn monorail system invented by Henry Robinson Palmer in 1821 further. The most famous Lartigue railway was the Listowel and Ballybunion Railway in Ireland. Lartigue had seen camels in Algeria carrying heavy loads balanced in panniers on their backs. This inspired him to design a new type of railway. Instead of two parallel tracks on the ground, it had a single rail sitting above the sand and held at waist height on A-shaped trestles. The carriages sat astride the trestles like panniers. Данное издание не...

ISBN: 978-6-1325-5865-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Lasers are an interesting option as a light source for projection displays, because of their high directivity. As a result, a high brightness light source with a small beam profile, a good beam quality and good collimation characteristics is obtained. This allows the application of small light engines and display panels without loosing much intensity. As a result, a small and quite cheap projector can be gained. If the panel costs are still too high, laser sources can also be used to realize even cheaper architectures that use 1D display modules or a flying spot scanner. Additionally, the laser beam is highly monochromatic, so a projection unit using three primaries can cover a large colour gamut. The intention of this book is to give an...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-9556-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-6-1302-0938-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011