High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Mode of transport (or means of transport or transport mode or transport modality or form of transport) is a general term for the different kinds of transport facilities that are often used to transport people or cargo. Where more than one mode of transport is used for a journey, or for transport analysis, the journey can be described as multi-modal. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1327-8070-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This work analyses models for two-phase flows and methods for the numerical resolution of these models. It is therefore one contribution to the development of reliable design tools for multiphase applications. Such tools are needed and expected by engineers in a range of fields. The approximate Riemann solver of Roe is studied. Roe schemes for three different two-phase flow models are implemented. The schemes are analysed by calculation of benchmark tests, and by comparison with each other. An isentropic discrete-equation multiphase model is presented. The incorporation of different interfacial-pressure models is discussed, and examples are given. The purpose of the multi-stage (MUSTA) method is to come close to the accuracy of upwind...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-5257-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The Model 24 Stielhandgranate was the standard hand grenade of the German Army from the end of World War I until the end of World War II. The very distinctive appearance led to its being called a "stick grenade", or a "potato masher" in British Army slang, and is today one of the most easily recognized infantry weapons of the 20th century. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1306-1303-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Model aircraft. Radio-controlled glider, Radio-controlled aircraft, Control line, Flight dynamics, Aviation history, Free flight (model aircraft), Cox model engine, International Miniature Aerobatic Club, Paper plane, Radio-controlled model Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1300-5357-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This book provides advanced research results on design, modeling and control of fuel cell power systems. It begins with an introduction of fuel cells and their components before elaborating the fundamentals of fuel cell operation and underlying physical principles. It then describes a wide range of experimental and electroanalytical techniques pertinent to fuel cell research along with an in-depth discussion on modeling of electrochemical reactions and the dependence of reaction kinetics on fuel cell catalyst structure. Based on the electrochemical model, optimal control strategies are derived for improving the dynamic performance of fuel cells over a wide operating range. Basic mathematical preliminaries on optimal control design and...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-8640-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Visibility calculations for night-time conditions are currently based on day-time vision. Under reduced light levels, such as road lighting, the spectral sensitivity of the eye is, however, different in peripheral vision. Peripheral vision, which includes major part of the vision, plays important role in situations where presence and motion of objects outside the central vision affect the safety and judgement of actions. Currently applied models based on central vision lack the ability to describe visual performance in peripheral vision correctly. In this book, two different performance based methods were applied to evaluate the spectral sensitivity of the eye. Results reveal that spectral sensitivity of the peripheral vision should be...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-9303-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-3-8383-2676-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Climate Change, air pollution, and energy security are three key policy issues in China’s energy sector. To address the aforementioned challenges, JianJun Tu applied CIMS, a technologically explicit and behaviourally realistic model to the most populous country. His research findings show that there are plausible energy development paths that would enable China to continue economic development while ensuring security of energy supply and acceptable local and global environmental quality. Advanced technologies have been identified as the key drivers to achieve ambitious emissions control and energy security targets. In addition, This book reveals that while a carbon tax can effectively reduce both carbon and sulphur emissions, a sulphur...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-4380-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The planar solid-oxide fuel cells (PSOFCs) have emerged as one of the promising candidates for future energy system because of their high energy efficiency, fuel flexibility, zero emission, modularity and high tolerance to the fuel impurities. However, for large-scale commercialization of the PSOFC technology, there is a strong need of developing a reliable and highly efficient PSOFC power system. Development of such a reliable PSOFC based power system requires knowledge of the several feedback effects from the power electronics system and the application loads that may impact the PSOFC stack and the system as a whole. Therefore, it is important to develop analytical methodologies to investigate and mitigate the effects of these...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-7942-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

For manufacturers of high-tech multi-disciplinary systems such as semiconductor equipment, the effort required for integration and system testing is ever increasing, while customers demand a shorter time-to-market. This book describes how executable models can replace unavailable component realizations, enabling early integration and system testing. Using a range of model-based techniques, system level problems can be detected earlier, resulting in lower costs, less rework, and a shorter time-to-market. By coupling the models to the available component realizations in a real-time environment, the system level behavior can be tested months before the complete system is realized. An industrial application clearly shows the practical...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-6857-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Modern computational methods combined with sound scientific knowledge permit building models providing accurate physical descriptions of complex phenomena. The resulting descriptions are useful not only in pure scientific research but also in applied fields like engineering, biology, meteorology and others. This book introduces the results of a Cambridge University research project in which several modelling techniques were applied to a real-life engineering problem, the description of the complete manufacturing process of a critical component for the automotive industry. The obtained model could then be used to better understand the governing parameters of the process and as a tool for its optimisation. Heat transfer physics,...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-6296-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Machining induced residual stress has been a research topic since the middle of the twentieth century. Experimental findings, analytical modelling, finite element modelling and various combinations of those have been proposed. Currently, computational models have great value in increasing the understanding of the cutting process and in reducing the number of experiments which traditionally are used for tool design, process selection, machinability evaluation, and virtual manufacturing. This work proposes a coherent and accurate study of the industrial process of machining pointing out the difficulties when considering a finite element model. An extensive work has been carried out comparing the numerical results which can be achieved...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-3997-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy intensive processes requiring ~ 4 GJ/ ton of cement. Most of the energy consumption and production of carbon dioxide in cement manufacturing occurs in manufacturing of cement clinkers. It is therefore imperative to use recent advances in understanding of physics and computational methods to improve clinker manufacturing. This book takes first steps in that direction by discussing methodology and state of the art computational models to simulate clinker manufacturing. Aimed at practicing engineers and researchers, this book will give readers a capability to simulate rotary cement kilns and associated equipments. Considering the central role of kilns in clinker manufacturing, there is a...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-1219-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Existing model reduction techniques for lower order controller design have certain limitations in terms of their applicability, reliability and accuracy. The main objective of this book is to present new tools that overcome these limitations for a large class of linear time invariant fixed and interval systems. This book presents two fold contributions for control system design problem. First, the improved model order reduction methods are described for linear time invariant fixed and interval systems. Second, suppose a reduced order controller is designed from the reduced order model for the original higher order system, it does not guarantee the stability of the resulting closed loop system. Thus, the problem of stabilization of the...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-5879-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This book examines the nature of structural complexity in manufacturing networks. Structural complexity is the information required to monitor manufacturing systems with specific focus on the systems that have a network structure and the effect of inter-dependency of components within the system on the performance. This research proposes novel structural complexity measures for a variety of management problems, i.e. routing, production status change, sequence disorder and buffer size variation. With the proposed measures, structural complexity can be applied to broader types of systems, i.e. series-parallel system, buffer system and rework system. In addition, a number of heuristic approaches are implemented in a computer program for re-...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-9742-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Upon manufacturing plastics parts by extrusion or injection, polymers are plasticised in single screw units. The mechanisms involved in this process are complex and material, geometry and operation dependent. Usually, the setting of the extruder operating conditions or the establishment of the adequate screw geometry is based on trial-and-error. A more efficient method consists in determining the operating conditions or screw geometry that produces the desired performance, i.e. to solve the inverse problem. In this work a multi-objective optimization methodology based on genetic algorithms is proposed and used to perform an automatic optimization of the single screw polymer extrusion process. For that purpose a modelling package capable...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-2412-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Modelling clay is a malleable substance used in building and sculpting. Modelling clays have been used by man for thousands of years to produce pottery, buildings, and artistic sculptures. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1338-0381-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications. One of the most important problems of Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) is the lack of chemical homogeneity in the produced ingots. Past numerical studies of VAR have demonstrated that the characteristics of the mushy zone, the fluid flow and their interaction are the key factors defining the severity and the character of macrosegregation in the produced ingots. Thus, a new numerical model of the complete VAR process, capable of representing two distinctive morphologies of mushy zone: rigid columnar structure and slurry of free floating equiaxed grains is introduced. The...

ISBN: 978-3-8364-5948-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Fostering the green energy world has become a hot topic in recent years. More and more hybrid vehicles find their way into the consumer market. Batteries or ultracapacitors are usually employed as the second energy source in hybrid vehicles. Compared with batteries, ultracapacitors have more advantages such as higher energy densities, long life cycles and environment-friendly. In order to have a good control strategy in hybrid vehicle to take advantage of ultracapacitor, its model must be accurate. In this book, short-term and long-term models have been developed. For the short-term models, high order transfer functions consistent with an RC ladder model are assumed. Transfer function coefficients are identified by a least squares...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-7826-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Le modelisme ferroviaire est une activite de modelisme concernant les trains et le monde ferroviaire, et tout particulierement leur reproduction suivant une echelle et un theme definis, ainsi que leur exploitation. Il s'agit de l'evolution du simple jeu avec un train miniature ou du fait de jouer au train electrique : le but de ce loisir technique et artistique est de constituer une maquette realiste sur laquelle les trains seront le sujet central. Le modelisme ferroviaire consiste alors, pour la plupart de ses pratiquants, a construire un reseau (parfois improprement appele « circuit ») amenage et decore, sur lequel le modeliste fera circuler ses trains. Данное издание не...

ISBN: 978-6-1318-3762-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The main objective of the work reported in this monograph is the fabrication of an experimental apparatus to detect slowly evolving anomalies (i.e., decrease in stiffness due to fatigue failure) in complex mechanical systems at an early stage by observing time series data of the available ultrasonic and performance measuring sensors. The information on evolving anomaly will serve as an input to the life extending control policy that will, in turn, generate corrective actions to mitigate fatigue crack damage in the specimen structures and thereby extend the remaining life of the system without any significant loss in performance. The monograph presents the design requirements for the experimental testbed. Physical modeling gives out the...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-3212-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The individual tree growth and yield models, such as stem taper, volume, biomass and height growth, play an important role in forest growth and yield prediction and projection systems. The reliability of a forest growth and yield system has been based on estimator characteristics such as consistency, efficiency and sufficiency. Recently, modeling techniques have received a great deal of attention in forest growth and yield modeling. This book, therefore, provides mathematical modeling approaches for stem taper, volume, biomass and tree height. Three modeling techniques of nonlinear least squares (NLS) regression, simultaneous fitting procedure (SUR), and nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) modeling procedures were evaluated. This book will be...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-4237-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Because of the inherent complexity of decision making in supply chains, there is a growing need for modeling supply chain system with different methodologies. A large number of manufacturing like soft drinks industry and service organizations are therefore seeking modeling systems that can help, identify and implement strategies for designing and improving their supply chain networks. Developing a supply chain management system requires the analysis of the flow of materials from the initial sourcing to the final end customers. Increased recognition is being placed, both in industry and in academia, on effective supply chain management. The term supply chain management (SCM) presupposes that there exists a supply chain to be managed. SCM...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-9115-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The term 'scale' refers to the proportion of actual size the replica or model represents. Scale is usually expressed as a ratio (e.g. '1:35') or as a fraction (e.g. '1/35th'). In either case it conveys the notion that the replica or model is accurately scaled in all visible proportions from a full-size prototype object. Thus a 1/35th scale model tank is 1/35th the size of the actual vehicle upon which the model is based. Models generally make no attempt to replicate scale weight, only size. Scales for commercially produced kits include 1/9, 1/16, 1/24, 1/35, 1/48, 1/72, 1/87 (railroad HO scale), 1/144, 1/250 and 1/300. However, 1/35 and 1/72 are by far the most popular. A relatively new trend...

ISBN: 978-6-1338-2459-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

A solar reactor consisting of a cavity-receiver containing an array of tubular absorbers is considered for the high temperature step of the zinc/zinc oxide thermochemical redox cycle using concentrated solar energy. The reactor is dimensioned, analyzed and optimized with the aim of maximizing efficiency and reaction conversion. 2D and 3D simulations of an 8kW reactor are implemented. Temperature distribution, reaction efficiency, tube efficiency and reaction conversion are analyzed to find the most promising reactor design. Additionally, basic knowledge in state of the art concentrating solar technology, design of experiments, radiative heat transfer, Mie theory, diffusion, reaction kinetics and in how to approach modeling tasks is...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-0013-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011