Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanocircuits are electrical circuits operating on the nanometer scale. This is well into the quantum realm, where quantum mechanical effects become very important. One nanometer is equal to 10-9 meters or a row of 10 hydrogen atoms. With such progressively smaller circuits, more can be fitted on a computer chip. This allows faster and more complex functions using less power. Nanocircuits are composed of three different fundamental components. These are transistors, interconnections, and architecture, all fabricated on the nanometer scale. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8532-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanocrystal solar cells or quantum dot solar cells, are solar cells based on a silicon substrate with a coating of nanocrystals. While previous methods of quantum dot creation relied on expensive molecular beam epitaxy processes, fabrication using colloidal synthesis allows for a more cost-effective manufacture. A thin film of nanocrystals is obtained by a process known as “spin-coating”. This involves placing an amount of the quantum dot solution onto a flat substrate, which is then rotated very quickly. The solution spreads out uniformly, and the substrate is spun until the required thickness is achieved....

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8608-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Growing industrial adoption of quantum dot technology by R Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8548-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The development of nanotechnology has generated much interest in the zeolite research area particularly in the synthesis of zeolite nanocrystal and its application. The reduction of particle size to the nanometer scale leads to substantial changes in the properties of zeolite, making them promising materials for many applications including adsorption. The characterization results in this research proves that nanocrystalline zeolite A (LTA), zeolite Y (FAU), silicate-1 (MFI) and ZSM-5 (MFI) have been successfully synthesised. The smallest average particle size observed is 33.87 nm. In adsorption study, heavy metal ion (Pb2+ and Cr3+) removal by using the synthesized nanocrystal of zeolite A (LTA),zeolite Y (FAU),silicate-1 (MFI) and ZSM-5...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-2626-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanocarpets are carpets made of tiny cylinders called carbon nanotubes used to enhance the flow of heat at a critical point where computer chips connect to cooling devices called heat sinks, promising to help keep future chips from overheating. Researchers are trying to develop new types of "thermal interface materials" that conduct heat more efficiently than conventional materials, improving overall performance and helping to meet cooling needs of future chips that will produce more heat than current microprocessors. The materials, which are sandwiched between silicon chips and the metal heat sinks, fill gaps...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8467-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A nanocomposite is as a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm), or structures having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material. In the broadest sense this definition can include porous media, colloids, gels and copolymers, but is more usually taken to mean the solid combination of a bulk matrix and nano-dimensional phase(s) differing in properties due to dissimilarities in structure and chemistry. The mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, electrochemical, catalytic properties of the...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8581-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanocellulose or microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), is a material composed of nanosized cellulose fibrils with a high aspect ratio (length to width ratio). Typical dimensions are 5–20 nanometers width and length up to 2000 nanometers. It is pseudo-plastic. Moreover, nanocellulose exhibits the property of certain gels or fluids that are thick (viscous) under normal conditions, but flow (become thin, less viscous) over time when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed. This property is known as thixotropy. When the shearing forces are removed the gel regains much of its original state. The fibrils are isolated...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8484-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

There are significant clinical demands for better orthopedic/dental biomaterials that exhibit chemical, biological, structural, mechanical and surface properties close to healthy bone. Nanophase ceramics mimic the dimensions of constituent components of natural bone and enhance the functions of bone cells compared to conventional ceramics. However, ceramics are inherently brittle and difficult to process into complex structures for orthopedic/dental applications. Nanophase ceramic/polymer composites, therefore, present a new generation of biomaterials with novel properties for better bone regeneration. This book introduces how nanocomposites can be tailored, fabricated and conjugated to control bone cell functions and drug release and...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-8422-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The degradation of concrete structures is a major issue faced by many countries around the world. Existing coating materials for surface protection and FRP for rehabilitation are less effective in prolonging the service life of concrete structures under severe environments. Available data on polymer- organoclay nanocomposites indicates the potential of this new kind of material to be employed as high performance coating and as matrix material of durable FRP to effectively enhance the durability of concrete structures under harsh environments. This book provides an in-depth assessment of the applicability of polymer-organoclay nanocomposites in civil engineering. The synthesis, testing and characterization of epoxy-organoclay...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-1769-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanodot technology is a form of information storage that could be used in the future. Nanodot technology today can store over one hundred times more data than today's hard drives. The nanodots are billions of little magnets which can switch polarity to represent a binary unit of data (for example, a single digit -- 1 or 0 -- of a binary numeral). Nanodots are also a popular magnetic toy from Nano Magnetics consisting of uniform magnetic spheres. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8657-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The term Nanoelectromechanical systems or NEMS is used to describe devices integrating electrical and mechanical functionality on the nanoscale. NEMS form the logical next miniaturization step from so-called microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS devices. NEMS typically integrate transistor-like nanoelectronics with mechanical actuators, pumps, or motors, and may thereby form physical, biological, and chemical sensors. The name derives from typical device dimensions in the nanometer range, leading to low mass, high mechanical resonance frequencies, potentially large quantum mechanical effects such as zero point...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8708-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Active camouflage provides concealment in two important ways: firstly, it makes the camouflaged object appear not merely similar to its surroundings, but effectively invisible through the use of mimicry; secondly, active camouflage changes the appearance of the object as changes occur in the background. Ideally, active camouflage mimics nearby objects as well as objects as distant as the horizon. Active camouflage has its origins in the diffused lighting camouflage first tested on Canadian Navy corvettes during World War II, and later in the armed forces of the United Kingdom and the United States of America....

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8716-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles. These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are typically made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Common base fluids include water and ethylene glycol. Nanofluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in heat transfer, including microelectronics, fuel cells, pharmaceutical processes, and hybrid-powered engines. They exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and the convective heat transfer coefficient...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8776-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A new synthetic approach, called nanofiber seeding, was developed to control the bulk morphology of chemically synthesized electronic organic polymers. Bulk quantities of nanofibers of conducting polymers such as polyaniline, can be synthesized in one step without the need for any template. Conventional synthesis yields polyaniline having granular morphology. However, if the conventional reaction is seeded by 2-4 mg (seed quantities) of added nanofibers, the bulk morphology changes dramatically from granular to nano-fibrillar. When the reaction is seeded by vanadium pentoxide nanofibers, this method can be...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8734-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. According to Parker a nanoflare arises from an event of magnetic reconnection which converts the energy stored in the solar magnetic field into the motion of the plasma. The plasma motion (thought as fluid motion) occurs at length-scales so small that it is soon dumped by the turbulence and then by the viscosity. In such a way the energy is quickly converted into heat, and conducted by the free electrons along the magnetic field lines closer to the place where the nanoflare switches on. In order to heat a region of very high X-ray emission, over an area 1" x 1", a nanoflare of 1017 J should happen every 20...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8748-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. NanoFoil is the registered tradmark of a reactive multi-layer foil material, sometimes referred to as a pyrotechnic initiatior of two mutually reactive metals, aluminium and nickel, sputtered to form thin layers to create a foil. You can say the layers are laminate as a laminate can be a layered material. On initiation by a heat pulse, delivered by a bridge wire, a laser pulse, a spark from an electric discharge, a flame, or by other means, the aluminium and nickel undergo self-sustaining exothermic reaction, producing an intermetallic compound nickel aluminide (NiAl). The reaction occurs in solid and liquid...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8818-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. ShorttitleIn supercapacitors, energy is stored because the electrodes are coated with a porous material that soaks up ions like a sponge, usually activated carbon. Nanomeadow supercapacitors store ions in manganese oxide (MnO), a material with a much greater capacity for ions than activated carbon. Scientists at Research Institute of Chemical Defence (Beijing, China) and Peking University created a nanomeadow of microscopic structures, fuzzy flowers of MnO each about 100 nanometres across on a field of messy carbon nanotube grass grown on a tantalum metal foil. Nanomeadows perform 10 times better than MnO alone...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8759-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Active camouflage provides concealment in two important ways: firstly, it makes the camouflaged object appear not merely similar to its surroundings, but effectively invisible through the use of mimicry; secondly, active camouflage changes the appearance of the object as changes occur in the background. Ideally, active camouflage mimics nearby objects as well as objects as distant as the horizon. Active camouflage has its origins in the diffused lighting camouflage first tested on Canadian Navy corvettes during World War II, and later in the armed forces of the United Kingdom and the United States of America....

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8720-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Nantucket Forests with tall trees had disappeared from the island millennia before colonial settlement. There were no large trees on Nantucket to provide long dimension timbers for ship building or building construction and importing Live oak from southern states was essential. However, in spite of little financial incentive, seven 'large' ships were built and launched from Brant Point. The two Clipper ships built for the Old China Trade and five whaling ships that were built on Nantucket Island add a further chapter to the history of New England Shipbuilding and the History of whaling. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается...

ISBN: 978-6-1310-6430-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. NanoFX Evolved (previously known as NanoFX GE) is a game engine for the Microsoft Windows platform currently being developed by Michael T. Braams and John Hardy, known respectively to the Star Trek Bridge Commander modding community as NanoByte and Lost_Jedi. They are known for their work on the visual effects enhancement mod, NanoFX. The engine is being designed primarily as a space simulation game engine. NanoFX Evolved currently supports features such as bump mapping and specular mapping. In recent updates to the engine, planetary atmosphere effects as well as HDR lighting and glow and bloom effects have been...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8923-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The current trend of ceramic nanotechnology has motivated an ever-increasing need to achieve exquisite control over size, shape, and dimensional confinement of functional oxide architectures, in an equivalent manner realized for semiconductors. However, the unique nature of ceramics poses major challenges for most traditional nanofabrication technologies, putting the development of innovative oxide nanopatterning schemes under the spotlight. This book discusses major challenges for ceramic nanofabrication and reviews patterning methods that are suitable for this unique materials family. Stress is laid upon the variable pressure soft-electron beam lithography (VP-soft-eBL). Examples of ceramic nanopatterns prepared using VP-sof-eBL are...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-6033-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanogenerator is an energy harvesting device converting the external kinetic energy into an electrical energy based on the energy conversion by nano-structured piezoelectric material. Although its definition may include any types of energy harvesting devices with nano-structure converting the various types of the ambient energy (e.g. solar power and thermal energy), it is used in most of times to specifically indicate the kinetic energy harvesting devices utilizing nano-scaled piezoelectric material after its first introduction in 2006. Данное издание не является оригинальным....

ISBN: 978-6-1347-9011-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Nanogel is a brand of aerogel insulation mainly used in building products and oil and gas industries. It is sometimes called "frozen smoke". It is made by Cabot Corporation, which has a plant in Frankfurt, Germany. It is an aerogel that consists of 95% air, in nano-sized pores that inhibit heat transfer through the aerogel. Made in grades from opaque to translucent, it can be adapted to different environments. Nanogel is increasingly being used in skylights and daylighting systems. It helps to retain the natural light while doubling the insulation. It is non-toxic, non-combustible, reduces glare, lowers noise...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-8987-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! nanoHUB.org is science cyberinfrastructure comprising community-contributed resources and geared toward educational applications, professional networking, and interactive simulation tools for nanotechnology. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), it is a product of the Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN), a multi-university initiative of eight member institutions including Purdue University, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Norfolk State University, Northwestern University, and the University of Texas at El Paso. NCN was established to create a resource...

ISBN: 978-6-1305-2064-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Solid-state electronics are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electrons, or other charge carriers, are confined entirely within the solid material. The term is often used to contrast with the earlier technologies of vacuum and gas-discharge tube devices and it is also conventional to exclude electro-mechanical devices (relays, switches, hard drives and other devices with moving parts) from the term solid state. While solid-state can include crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous solids and refer to electrical conductors, insulators and semiconductors, the building...

ISBN: 978-6-1347-9129-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011