Все о внутреннем устройстве современного компьютера и периферийного оборудования, исчерпывающие источники информации о «железе» для энтузиастов и профессионалов – в этом разделе. Здесь представлена самая актуальная литература по ремонту, модернизации, работе с аппаратными прерываниями - от классической энциклопедии Модернизация и ремонт ПК, выдержавшей уже 19-е переиздание, до руководства Железо 2011, а также детальному описанию архитектуры микропроцессоров , BIOS, современных шинных протоколов.
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In computer science, and specifically in compiler and assembler design, a literal pool is a lookup table used to hold literals during assembly and execution. Multiple (local) literal pools are typically used only for computer architectures that lack branch instructions for long jumps, or have a set of instructions optimized for shorter jumps. Examples of such architectures include ARM architecture and the IBM System/360 and later architectures, which had a number of instructions which took 12-bit address offsets. In this case, the compiler would create a literal table on every 4K page; any branches whose target...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7488-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Locks-and-keys is a solution to dangling pointers in computer programming languages. The locks-and-keys approach represents pointers as ordered pairs (key, address) where the key is an integer value. Heap-dynamic variables are represented as the storage for the variable plus a cell for an integer. When a variable is allocated, a lock value is created and placed both into the variable's cell and into the variable's ordered pair. Every access to the pointer compares these two values, and access is allowed only if the values match. When a variable is deallocated, the key of its ordered pair is modified to hold a...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7501-3
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Lola is designed to be a simple hardware description language for describing synchronous, digital circuits. Niklaus Wirth developed the language to teach digital design on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to computer science students while a professor at ETH Zurich. The purpose of Lola is to statically describe the structure and functionality of hardware components and of the connections between them. A Lola text is composed of declarations and statements. It describes the hardware on the gate level in the form of signal assignments. Signals are combined using operators and assigned to other signals....
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7509-9
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Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. LOGO is a computer programming language used for functional programming. It is an adaptation and dialect of the Lisp language; some have called it Lisp without the parentheses. Today, it is known mainly for its turtle graphics, but it also has significant facilities for handling lists, files, I/O, and recursion. Logo was created in 1967 for educational use, more so for constructivist teaching, by Daniel G. Bobrow, Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon. The name is derived from the Greek logos meaning word, emphasising the contrast between itself and other existing programming languages that...
ISBN: 978-6-1337-0466-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Logtalk is an object-oriented logic programming language that extends the Prolog language with a feature set suitable for programming in the large. It provides support for encapsulation and data hiding, separation of concerns and enhanced code reuse. Logtalk uses standard Prolog syntax with the addition of a few operators and directives. It is distributed under an open source license and can run using ISO-compliant Prolog implementations as the back-end compiler. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1338-3444-6
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Loom or LOOM is a knowledge representation language developed by researchers in the Artificial Intelligence research group at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. The Loom project's goal is the development and fielding of advanced tools for knowledge representation and reasoning in Artificial Intelligence. Loom is a language and environment for constructing intelligent applications. At its heart is a knowledge representation system that is used to provide deductive support for the declarative portion of the Loom language. Declarative knowledge in Loom consists of definitions,...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7515-0
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In computer science, a low-level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture. The word "low" refers to the small or nonexistent amount of abstraction between the language and machine language; because of this, low-level languages are sometimes described as being "close to the hardware." A low-level language does not need a compiler or interpreter to run; the processor for which the language was written is able to run the code without using either of these. By comparison, a high-level programming language isolates the...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7523-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. LR-attributed grammars are a special type of attribute grammars. They allow the attributes to be evaluated on LR parsing. As a result, attribute evaluation in LR-attributed grammars can be incorporated conveniently in bottom-up parsing. zyacc is based on LR-attributed grammars. They are a subset of the L-attributed grammars, where the attributes can be evaluated in one left-to-right traversal of the abstract syntax tree. They are a superset of the S-attributed grammars, which allow only synthesized attributes. In yacc, a common hack is to use global variables to simulate some kind of inherited attributes and...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7558-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Lucid is a dataflow programming language. It is designed to experiment with non-von Neumann programming models. It was designed by Bill Wadge and Ed Ashcroft and described in the book Lucid, the Dataflow Programming Language. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1336-1683-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Lustre is a formally defined, declarative, and synchronous dataflow programming language, for programming reactive systems. It began as a research project in the early 1980s. In 1993, it progressed to practical, industrial use, in a commercial product, as the core language of the industrial environment SCADE, developed by Esterel Technologies. It is now used for critical control software in aircraft, helicopters, and nuclear power plants. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7562-4
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. LYaPAS (Russian: ЛЯПАС, short for "Logical Language for the Representation of Synthesis Algorithms") is a programming language created in the Soviet Union in 1964 by Arkady D.Zakrevskij of the Laboratory of System Programming and Logical Synthesis of the BSSR Academy of Sciences. LYaPAS is an extension to APL, and was initially designed to program the URAL-1 computer. An interesting feature of the language is its use of octal numbers. A further refinement of LYaPAS is LYaPAS-M. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7567-9
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Lynx is a programming language for large distributed networks, using remote procedure calls. It was developed by the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1984 for the Charlotte multicomputer operating system. In 1986 at the University of Rochester Lynx was ported to the Chrysalis operating system running on a BBN Butterfly multiprocessor. A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely, or as a...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7573-0
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. M2001 is a modular educational mathematical programming language for developing and presenting mathematical algorithms, from the modern discrete to the classical continuous mathematics. M2001 is built on a semantic framework that is based in category theory and has a syntax similar to that of Pascal or Modula-2. It is designed purely for pedagogic use, so efficiency and ease of implementation have been far less important in its development than generality and range of application. It was created to play an important role in forming a formal algorithmic foundation for first-year college math students....
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7581-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! MAC-адрес (от англ. Media Access Control — управление доступом к среде, также Hardware Address) — это уникальный идентификатор, присваиваемый каждой единице оборудования компьютерных сетей. Большинство сетевых протоколов канального уровня используют одно из трёх пространств MAC-адресов, управляемых IEEE: MAC-48, EUI-48 и EUI-64. Адреса в каждом из пространств теоретически должны быть глобально уникальными....
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Macaulay2 is a free computer algebra system developed by Daniel Grayson (UIUC) and Michael Stillman (Cornell) for computation in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. Stillman, along with Dave Bayer had authored the predecessor, Macaulay. Macaulay2 uses its own high level programming language, intended to closely match the syntax used by mathematicians in the field. Both are published under the GNU General Public License version 2. In a 2006 interview, Andrei Okounkov cited Macaulay2 along with TeX as a successful open source project used in mathematics and suggested that funding agencies look into and...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7588-4
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Macintosh Common Lisp (MCL) is an implementation and IDE for the Common Lisp programming language. Various versions of MCL run under Mac OS (m68k and PPC) and Mac OS X. Versions of MCL up to and including 5.1 are proprietary. Version 5.2 has been open sourced. In 2009 a new different version of MCL has been open sourced: RMCL. RMCL is based on MCL 5.1 and does run under Rosetta on Intel-based Macs. MCL was famous for its integration with the Macintosh toolbox (later: Apple Carbon), which allowed direct access to most of the Mac OS functionality directly from Lisp. This was achieved with a low-level interface...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7594-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. MACRO-11 is an assembly language with macro facilities for PDP-11 minicomputers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It is the successor to PAL-11 (Program Assembler Loader), an earlier version of the PDP-11 assembly language without macro facilities. The MACRO-11 assembly language was designed for the PDP-11 minicomputer family. It was supported on all DEC PDP-11 operating systems. PDP-11 Unix systems also include an assembler (called "as"), structurally similar to MACRO-11 but with different syntax and fewer features. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7613-3
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
A macro (for big or far) in computer science is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should be mapped to an output sequence (also often a sequence of characters) according to a defined procedure. The mapping process that instantiates a macro into a specific output sequence is known as macro expansion. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1306-2120-9
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. MACRO-10 is an assembly language with extensive macro facilities for DEC's PDP-10-based minicomputer systems, the DECsystem-10 and the DECSYSTEM-20. MACRO-10 is implemented as a two-pass assembler. A more complex MACRO-10 example program, which renders one version of the 99 Bottles of Beer song, may be examined at the "99 Bottles of Beer" web site. For larger bodies of code, much of the MACRO-10 code for the TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 systems is available in the Trailing Edge PDP-10 tape archives. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7601-0
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. MAD (short for Michigan Algorithm Decoder), is a programming language and compiler developed at the University of Michigan by Bernard Galler, Bruce Arden and Robert M. Graham.There are three MAD compilers: Original MAD, the compiler developed in 1959 at the University of Michigan for the IBM 704 and later the IBM 7090 mainframe computers running the University of Michigan Executive System (UMES) operating system. In the mid-1960's MAD was ported at the University of Maryland to the UNIVAC 1108. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-6-1326-4797-9
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In software engineering, these activities are known as software maintenance (cf. ISO/IEC 9126). The maintainability index is calculated with certain formulae from lines-of-code measures, McCabe measures and Halstead complexity measures. The measurement and track maintainability are intended to help reduce or reverse a system's tendency toward "code entropy" or degraded integrity, and to indicate when it becomes cheaper and less risky to rewrite the code instead to change it. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-9006-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Mama is an educational object-oriented programming language designed to help young students start programming by providing all language elements in the student mother tongue. Mama programming language is available in several languages, with both LTR and RTL language direction support. A new variant of Mama was built on top of Carnegie Mellon's Alice development environment, supporting scripting of the 3D stage objects. This new variant of Mama was designed to help young students start programming by building 3D animations and games. Данное издание не является оригинальным....
ISBN: 978-6-1331-9023-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. A manifest expression is a programming language construct that a compiler can analyse to deduce which values it can take without having to execute the program. This information can enable compiler optimizations, in particular loop nest optimization, and parallelization through data dependency analysis. An expression is called manifest if it is computed only from outer loop counters and constants (a more formal definition is given below). When all control flow for a loop or condition is regulated by manifest expressions, it is called a manifest loop resp. condition. Данное издание не...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-7623-2
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011