Pervious concrete has grown in popularity as an alternative infrastructure medium to enhance the quality of surface water in developed geographical areas. Previous studies have shown that pervious concrete structures and the subgrade layer that supports them are effective at significantly reducing the concentrations of common pollutants such as soap, motor oil, brake fluid, brake dust, and roof shingle particles from rain water and snow melt. Studies thus far have shown enough promise to encourage growing use of pervious concrete in infrastructure categories such as storm channels, sidewalks and parking lots. This paper examines the use of pervious concrete to remove metals and neutralize pH from a synthetic solution simulating acid mine...
ISBN: 978-3-6390-2618-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Metal gates are expected to replace polysilicon gates beyond the 45nm technology node in order to achieve equivalent oxide thickness <1nm. Poly silicon gates suffer depletion effect, high resistivity, and boron penetration. Moreover, polysilicon gates are not compatible with high-k dielectric. Metal/high-k stack can save these issues and become the solution of gate stack for the sub 45nm technology node. The requirements of metal gates include several main factors, such as suitable work function, compatibility with high-k dielectric, thermal stability and simple process integration. For suitable threshold voltage, metal gates with tunable work function are preferred, of which work function should be in the range of 4.1-4.4eV for...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-5731-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
In recent times a lot of interest has been directed to the study of tool wear due to its influence on the technological performance of machining operations such as tool life, cutting forces, cutting power and surface finish. These studies have mostly been guided by an ever increasing demand for design of more efficient machine tools and cutting tools and due to increased use of unmanned machining centres where on- line monitoring of tool condition is very vital.The present text provides an exhaustive analysis of the chip forming process while machining with a worn tool using the rigid-plastic slipline field theory. Tool-chip interface friction is assumed to be adhesion and the fields are analysed by the matrix operational procedure with...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-8243-9
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The research of ever new materials for high performance applications about aerospace, aeronautical and automotive fields has found in material matrix composites the materials having very high potential, for their capacity of combining resistance, lightness and versatility. The most important aspects for these materials usually regard production technology and machining. Therefore the present book, after dealing a general picture, provides for this two themes. First the study about a titanium matrix composite, the Ti6Al4V/SiCf, promising for aeronautical applications as turbine components and structural high stressed parts, is considered: by micro-chemical and mechanical advanced investigations, the high properties of the composite are...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-6928-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
As coined in the writings of Marshall McLuhan, metamedia referred to new relationships between form and content in the development of new technologies and new media. McLuhan's concept described the totalizing effect of media. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the term was taken up by writers such as Douglas Rushkoff and Lev Manovich. Contemporary metamedia, such as at Stanford, has been expanded to describe, "a short circuit between the academy, the art studio and information science exploring media and their archaeological materiality." Metamedia utilizes new media and focuses on collaboration across traditional fields of study, melding everything from improvisational theatre and performance art, to agile, adaptive software...
ISBN: 978-6-1328-0015-2
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Metamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to enhance or increase performance of the antenna system. Applying metamaterials to increase performance of antennas has garnered much interest. Demonstrations have shown that metamaterials could enhance the radiated power of an antenna. Materials which can attain negative magnetic permeability could possibly allow for properties such as an electrically small antenna size, high directivity, and tunable operational frequency. Left-handed material, also known as negative index material, and DNG metamaterial, has applications in aspects of antenna systems and sub systems. Antenna subsystems that apply metamaterials are being researched. Either double-negative slabs are...
ISBN: 978-6-1307-4619-3
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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Metcalfe's law states that the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n2). First formulated in this form by George Gilder in 1993, and attributed to Robert Metcalfe in regard to Ethernet, Metcalfe's law was originally presented, circa 1980, not in terms of users, but rather of "compatibly communicating devices" (for example, fax machines). Metcalfe's law characterizes many of the network effects of communication technologies and networks such as the Internet, social networking, and the World Wide Web. It is related to the fact that the number of unique connections in a network of a number of nodes (n) can be expressed...
ISBN: 978-6-1316-9175-1
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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Meteorological instrumentation is the equipment used to sample the state of the atmosphere at a given time. Each science has its own unique sets of laboratory equipment. However, meteorology is a science which does not use much lab equipment but relies more on field-mode observation equipment. In science, an observation, or observable, is an abstract idea that can be measured and for which data can be taken. Rain was one of the first quantities to be measured historically. Two other accurately measured weather-related variables are wind and humidity. Many attempts had been made prior to the 15th century to construct adequate equipment to measure atmospheric variables. Данное...
ISBN: 978-6-1308-8857-2
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Service firms are confronted with rapid technological developments, fast changes in customer requirements, and hypercompetition, leading to exceedingly short product life cycles. That is, under rapidly changing and highly competitive circumstances, the timely design, development, and marketing of new services with creative and innovative features are essential for a company?s survival. With the development of information and communication technology (ICT) such as internet or mobile technology, the focus on New Service Creation(NSC) has been moving from offline to online services. Especially, the creation of technology-based services has been paid more and more attention to. For above mentioned issues, this book supposes a systemic...
ISBN: 978-3-6390-3822-4
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This work is aimed at the study of different methods for uncertainty evaluation in measurement, both theoretical and applied. In the metrological field, the internationally accepted approach for uncertainty evaluation implies use of the GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement). There are however situations in which it may not perform satisfactorily, e.g. when the measurement function is non-linear. The JCGM (Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology) has recently described in Supplement 1 to the GUM an alternative method for uncertainty evaluation, that is propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method. This method requires however an appropriate knowledge of statistical distribution of input quantities, a hard...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-8041-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Method engineering in the "field of information systems is the discipline to construct new methods from existing methods". It focuses on "the design, construction and evaluation of methods, techniques and support tools for information systems development" Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1328-4382-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Metre gauge refers to narrow gauge railways and tramways with a track gauge of 1000 mm (3 ft 3 3/ 8 in). In some African, American and Asian countries it is the main gauge. In Europe it has been used for local railways in France, Germany, and Belgium, most of which were closed down in mid 20th century. Only in Switzerland and northern Spain do huge metre gauge networks remain in continuous use. Also, many European urban trams run on metre gauge. With the revival of urban rail transport, in some cities metre gauge light metros were established, while in other cities metre gauge was replaced by standard gauge. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a railway that has a track gauge...
ISBN: 978-6-1341-2545-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Metropolitan Railway (MetR) was the first underground railway to be built in London, creating the world's first metro system. The first railways to be built in the United Kingdom were constructed in the early 19th century. By 1850 there were 7 separate railway termini located in the London area: London Bridge, Euston, Paddington, King's Cross, Shoreditch, Waterloo and Fenchurch Street. Only Fenchurch Street was located within the City of London itself. London had also seen a large increase in road traffic congestion in this period. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...
ISBN: 978-6-1341-1006-8
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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Metrolink is a commuter rail system in Southern California, United States. Established in 1991 as the Southern California Regional Rail Authority (SCRRA), it began service the following year. The rail system operates lines in Ventura County, Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, Riverside County, Orange County, and San Diego County. It connects with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Metro Rail lines at Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles, and with the San Diego Coaster and Sprinter lines at Oceanside. It also connects with Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner, Coast Starlight, Southwest Chief, and Sunset Limited trains. As of December 2009, it served 55 stations on 388...
ISBN: 978-6-1316-9324-3
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, often known by names such as "metro", "underground" and "subway". It is often underground or elevated. At crossings of metro lines, they are multi-level. At street level the logo of the metro company marks the entrance of the station, along with the schematics of the services at the station. Often there are several entrances for one station, saving one from having to cross the street. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...
ISBN: 978-6-1340-0505-0
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Le metro de Chicago dessert une grande partie de la ville de Chicago et de sa proche agglomeration, il est principalement connu pour une de ses particularites : il est en grande partie aerien. Il est exploite par le Chicago Transit Authority et est le deuxieme plus vieux reseau d'Amerique, apres New York, la plus ancienne section datant de 1892. Le metro de Chicago fait partie integrante du paysage de la "Ville des vents". Habituellement denomme L ou EL par les Chicagoans il est egalement l'embleme du CTA qui le denomme quant a elle uniquement sous l'abreviation L et ce, bien que ce ne soit pas une marque deposee. Toujours est-il que sur n'importe quel type de voirie qu'elle soit aerienne, en surface ou souterraine, cette abreviation est...
ISBN: 978-6-1307-2057-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
The Metropolitan line is part of the London Underground. It is coloured in TfL's Corporate Magenta on the Tube map and in other branding. It was the first underground railway in the world, opening on 10 January 1863. The main line runs from Aldgate in the City of London to Amersham, with branch lines to Uxbridge, Watford and Chesham. For the initial section of the line the rails are in tunnel for much of the way; beyond Baker Street, at Finchley Road the line runs in the open. Out of the 34 stations served, only 9 are underground. It is the oldest line and initially covered the bulk of the Underground system. Today it is the ninth busiest line on the network. Данное издание не является оригинальным....
ISBN: 978-6-1306-2365-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! MetroLink (reporting mark BSDA) is the light rail transit system in the Greater St. Louis area of Missouri and Illinois. The entire system currently consists of two lines (Red Line and Blue Line) connecting Lambert-St. Louis International Airport and Shrewsbury, MO with Scott Air Force Base near Shiloh, Illinois through downtown St. Louis. The system features 37 stations and carries an average of 61,573 people each weekday. There have been over $15 billion worth of transit oriented developments near the system since it opened in 1993. A second line, the "Cross-County Extension," now known as the Blue Line, opened to the public August 26, 2006 (2006-08-26). This 8-mile (12.9 km), 9-station line...
ISBN: 978-6-1316-9345-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Metro Bilbao is a rapid transit (metro) system serving the city of Bilbao and the region of Greater Bilbao. Its lines have a "Y" shape, with two lines that transit both banks of the Nervion river and then combine to form one line that ends in the south of Bilbao. The network of Metro Bilbao is connected with EuskoTran (tram services), Cercanias (commuter rail services), EuskoTren (commuter rail services), FEVE (commuter rail services, regional and long-distance trains) as well as the Renfe service (long-distance trains) and Bilbao's bus station Termibus. It uses a meter gauge. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-6-1338-4971-6
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Metroplex (known as Scramble City while transformed) is a fictional character in the Transformers franchise. He is depicted as massive compared to other Autobots, dwarfing even the largest Combiners and the giant Omega Supreme, and was originally portrayed as the living embodiment of Autobot City. He has appeared in supporting roles in numerous works of Transformers fiction, and was the focus of his own OVA and toy line, both titled Transformers: Scramble City. He is the rival and parallel of the Decepticon`s transforming base, Trypticon.
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Metrorail is the commuter rail service in the major urban areas of South Africa. It is a division of the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA), a state-owned enterprise which is responsible for most passenger rail services in South Africa. The Metrorail system consists of 471 stations, 2,228 kilometres (1,384 mi) of track, and carries an average of 1.7 million passengers per weekday. Metrorail was formed as a business unit of Transnet and was transferred to the South African Rail Commuter Corporation (SARCC), the predecessor of PRASA. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается...
ISBN: 978-6-1305-9198-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Le metro de Paris est un des systemes de transport en commun desservant la ville de Paris et son agglomeration. Il comporte 16 lignes en site propre, essentiellement souterraines, totalisant 214 kilometres de ligne. Devenu un des symboles de Paris, il se caracterise par la densite de son reseau au coeur de Paris et par son style architectural homogene influence par l’Art nouveau. La premiere ligne du metro de Paris a ete construite a l'approche de l’Exposition universelle de 1900. Elle est inauguree quelques mois apres le debut de l'exposition. Le reseau s’est ensuite rapidement densifie dans Paris intra-muros jusqu’a la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Apres une pause durant les « decennies voitures », plusieurs lignes existantes ont...
ISBN: 978-6-1307-2015-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Since 2008, more than half of the world population lives in cities. To cope with this rapid urbanization in a sustainable manner, transit systems all around the world are likely to grow. By looking at 33 metro networks in the world, this book identifies the geometric properties and effects of network designs. For this work, a new methodology was developed and is explained thoroughly. Each system is first characterized along three axes: State, Form and Structure. The complexity and robustness of metros is then studied from a Network Science perspective. Subsequently, the impact of network design on ridership is studied, and positive relations are observed. As a practical case study, all of these concepts are applied to the new transit...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-5362-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Metro Monorail (formerly Sydney Monorail, and originally TNT Harbourlink) is a single-loop Von Roll MkIII monorail in the city of Sydney, Australia, that connects Darling Harbour, Chinatown and the Sydney central business and shopping districts. There are eight stations on 3.6 km of track, with four trains operating simultaneously. Major attractions and facilities such as the Powerhouse Museum, Sydney Aquarium and Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre are served. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1326-2244-0
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The MEU pistol, officially designated the M-45 MEUSOC, is an air-cooled, magazine-fed, recoil-operated, single-action, semiautomatic handgun chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge. It is based on the original M1911 design by John Browning, and has been the standard-issue side arm for the Force Recon Element of the United States Marine Corps' Marine Expeditionary Units from 1985 to today. Its National Stock Number is 1005-01-370-7353. In the late 1980s, USMC Colonel Robert Young laid out a series of specifications and improvements to make Browning's design ready for 21st century combat, many of which have been included in MEU pistol designs. In 2002, an article in American Handgunner Magazine...
ISBN: 978-6-1316-3274-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011