The accurate prediction of combustion processes in turbulent reacting flows is essential for the design of advanced combustion technologies. Numerical simulation techniques become viable tools to address such design challenges if adequate models are available. In this work, computational models are developed for application to large-eddy simulation (LES). In particular, three critical modeling aspects are considered, namely local flame extinction and reignition, nitrogen oxide formation, and noise-generation by combustion. These models are integrated into the flamelet/progress variable formulation, thus allowing for a consistent treatment of different combustion-physical effects in a unified framework. The computational models are...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-0243-7
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book is wholly based on the doctoral research conducted by the author at Stanford University under the guidance of Prof. Paul Durbin. Air pollution is one of the challenges faced by mankind today. There is a growing demand for accurate and efficient predictive tools in the atmospheric and environmental sciences. Modeling and simulation of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere have interested environmental scientists and meteorologists for decades. However, the currently available technologies that are sufficiently accurate are computationally expensive and not practically feasible for many real life problems. This book is an attempt to address that need. The science behind the Lagrangian stochastic models (LSM's) is explored in...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-2479-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include naturally-occurring chemicals, such as in the cutin of plant cuticles, as well as synthetics through step-growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. Depending on the chemical structure polyester can be a thermoplastic or thermoset, however the most common polyesters are thermoplastics. Данное издание не...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-5246-9
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Polyethylene or polythene (IUPAC name polyethene or poly(methylene)) is the most widely used plastic, with an annual production of approximately 80 million metric tons. Its primary use is within packaging (notably the plastic shopping bag). Polyethylene is a thermoplastic polymer consisting of long chains of the monomer ethylene (IUPAC name ethene). The recommended scientific name polyethene is systematically derived from the scientific name of the monomer. In certain circumstances it is useful to use a structure-based nomenclature; in such cases IUPAC recommends poly(methylene). The difference in names between the two systems is due to the opening up of the monomer's double bond upon...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-9220-5
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Hydorgels have been traditionally used in various industries as superabsorbent polymers. In the past few years its applications intensified by emerging hot topics such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) and its lower molecular weight brothers, polyethylene glycol (PEG), are gaining interest due to their biocompatibility and FDA approval. This steady grow of popularity of Hydrogels and PEO in academia and industry has not been addressed in a proper way. Many scientists are not familiar with different methods of synthesis and characterization of hydrogels. This book, therefore, provides the methods of synthesis and characterization including, postpolymerization (curing), swelling, mechanical and theoretical...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-0665-7
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Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. PoLyGon (abbreviated PLG) is a file format for storing 3D objects. It was originally invented by the people that made REND386. The file is a very simple and easy to read format ideal for very basic flat shaded or wire frame projections. Or at least some of its aspects. The first line describes the object with a name, number of vertices, number of faces/polygons and an optional texture file. Then comes vertex list as X Y Z [U V], where the U V coordinates are optional texture coordinates. The number of vertices foretold in the header has to match the number of lines here. then follows the list of faces that...
ISBN: 978-6-1331-1760-0
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
This work describes the characterization of aged polymer modified bitumens to evaluate their potential for recycling. A tri-block co-polymer modified binder was selected and characterized using standard bitumen qualification techniques, i.e., the Superpave PG protocol. We developed a procedure to characterize the relative concentration of polymer in asphalt cements by gel permeation chromatography. Infrared spectrographic, thermogravimetric and rheological techniques were used to identify changes in the binder components as a result of aging. A correlation between field aging time and simulated aging by PAV was developed; PAV with humidity proved to be the best prediction. A comparison was established between the field aged materials and...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-1033-6
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Phase behavior and the phase separation dynamics of polymers in fluid and fluid mixtures are of importance for many processes encountered in polymer synthesis, purification, processing, and modifications. High pressure fluids/fluid mixtures, i.e. near-critical or supercritical fluids, have been considered as a replacement for many conventional organic solvents because they are environmentally benign and tunable for processing. As one of the approaches to achieve this goal, binary mixtures of an organic solvent and CO2 under high pressures can be used to replace the organic solvents. This book discusses the phase behaviors and phase separation dynamics of two model polymers in such systems. The polymer systems chosen are polysulfone in...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-5232-6
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More recently the conventional separation methods have been supplemented by membrane processes due to its advantages. Membrane pervaporation is now widely recognized as an effective technique for the separation of close boiling/azeotropic mixtures, and industrial solvents. The first part of this thesis describes the pervaporatiove separation of various organic solvent/water mixtures by using polymeric and biopolymeric blend membranes. Various characterization techniques were applied to study the interactions of blending polymers, crosslinking, thermal and mechanical properties of the membranes. The membranes were extensively studied their performance for the dehydration of various solvents by changing their feed composition, permeate...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-6312-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Polymer solar cells are a type of flexible solar cell. They can come in many forms including: organic solar cell (also called plastic solar cell), or organic chemistry photovoltaic cell that produce electricity from sunlight using polymers. There are also other types of more stable thin-film semiconductors that can be deposited on different types of polymers to create solar cells. This technology is relatively new, being actively researched by universities, national laboratories and several companies around the world. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...
ISBN: 978-6-1309-9568-3
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Polymer cholesteric liquid crystal (PCLC) flakes have potential to be used in particle-based displays intended for electronic paper application. PCLC flake-based display offers a possibility of thin, reflective, lightweight, and flexible display with full-color capabilities, which consumes little power. Shaped PCLC flakes, made by soft-lithography - a technology invented by the author, in an appropriate host fluid reorient from a bright (reflective) state to a dark (non-reflective) state under externally applied voltage. Maxwell-Wagner polarization was confirmed to be the main mechanism for the flake reorientation in an electric field. Key factors, which dictate the flake reorientation and relaxation time, are described in this book....
ISBN: 978-3-6390-6439-1
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Polymer engineering is generally an engineering field that designs, analyses, and/or modifies polymer materials. Polymer engineering covers aspects of petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of major polymers, structure property relations and applications. The basic division of polymers into thermoplastics and thermosets helps define their areas of application. The latter group of materials includes phenolic resins, polyesters and epoxy resins, all of which are used widely in composite materials when reinforced with stiff fibres such as fibreglass and aramids. Since...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-2767-2
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating current electrical power. Polyphase systems have three or more energized electrical conductors carrying alternating currents with a definite time offset between the voltage waves in each conductor. Polyphase systems are particularly useful for transmitting power to electric motors. The most common example is the three-phase power system used for most industrial applications. In the very early days of commercial electric power, some installations used two phase four-wire systems for motors. The chief advantage of these was that the winding configuration was the same as for a single-phase capacitor-start motor, and, by using a four-wire...
ISBN: 978-6-1303-9949-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
In music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony). Within the context of Western music tradition the term is usually used in reference to music of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. Baroque forms such as the fugue which might be called polyphonic are usually described instead as contrapuntal. Also, as opposed to the species terminology of counterpoint, polyphony was generally either "pitch-against-pitch" / "point-against-point" or "sustained-pitch" in one part with melismas of varying lengths in another (van der Werf, 1997). In all cases the conception was likely what...
ISBN: 978-6-1303-1065-3
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Pommern, formerly the Mneme (1903–1908), is a windjammer. She is a four-masted barque that was built 1903 in Glasgow at J. Reid Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1311-3512-5
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Ponderal Index PI is a measure of leanness of a person calculated as a relationship between mass and height. It was first proposed 1921 as "Corpulence Index" by Rohrer. It is similar to the Body mass index, however the mass is normalized with the third power of body height rather than the second power. The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a statistical measure which compares a person's weight and height. Though it does not actually measure the percentage of body fat, it is used to estimate a healthy body weight based on a person's height. Due to its ease of measurement and calculation, it is the most widely used diagnostic tool to identify weight problems within a population,...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-9761-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Poonah, named after the city of Poonah in western India, was a, three masted sailing ship of 1199 tons, owned by Tyser Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1311-3516-3
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Poplin, also called tabinet (or tabbinet), is a fabric consisting of a silk warp with a weft of worsted yarn. As the weft is in the form of a stout cord the fabric has a ridged structure, like rep, which gives depth and softness to the lustre of the silky surface. It is made with wool, cotton, silk, rayon, or any mixture of these, though originally made from silk. The ribs run across the fabric from selvage to selvage. Poplins are used for dress purposes, and for rich upholstery work. They are formed by using coarse filling yarns in a plain weave. Shirts made from this material are easy to iron and do not wrinkle easily. In recent years, Poplin has come to be associated with 100% cotton shirts...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-5759-4
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Delayed evolutionary game dynamics and mean field limit are very important in large-scale dynamic environment. This manuscript presents dynamic foundations of population games with variable number of players with different types, classes and locations. It covers game dyamics with multicomponent strategies, spatial distribution of the players, constained hybrid dynamics, stochastic population games in wich each generic player has its own state and facing to an evolving vector that captures the propulation profile, differential population games and mean field stochastic games. Convergence and stability of different solution concepts as well as the effect of time delays are examined in various mean field game dynamics with migration....
ISBN: 978-3-8383-6392-9
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Porous glass is glass that includes pores, usually in the nm- or µm-range, commonly prepared by one of the following processes: 1) metastable phase separation in borosilicate glasses (such as in the system SiO2-B2O3-Na2O), followed by liquid extraction of one of the formed phases; 2) the sol-gel process; or 3) simply by sintering glass powder. The specific properties and commercial availability of porous glass make it one of the most extensively researched and characterized amorphous solids. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1305-2939-0
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The 968 is a sports car sold by Porsche AG from 1992 to 1995. It took over the entry-level position in Porsche's lineup from the 944, with which it shared about 20% of its parts. The 968 became the final model in an evolving line, starting almost 20 years earlier with the introduction of the Porsche 924 and ending with the Turbo S, Turbo RS, and Turbo RS Lemans, which are three separate versions of the 968. The 968 pioneered a number of sports car firsts including the first six-speed gearbox. Porsche's 944 model debuted for the 1982 model year, was updated as "944S" in 1987 and as "944S2" in 1989. Shortly after the start of production of the S2 variant, Porsche engineers began working on...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-9848-2
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Porsche 996 is the internal designation for the Porsche 911 model manufactured and sold between 1998 and 2005. It has since been replaced by the Type 997. Both body styles were used in 2005, depending on model. At its debut, the 996 featured the most significant changes to the Carrera model since its 1963 introduction. Most important among these is the water-cooled engine, replacing the previously air-cooled engines. More stringent noise regulations and higher customer expectations for both refinement and a higher performance 4 valve per cylinder engine made the switch necessary. The 996 Carrera (not GT2, GT3 and Turbo models) engine is designed with what Porsche calls "integrated dry sump...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-9852-9
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Porsche Cayman is a mid-engined, rear wheel drive 2-seat sports car produced by Porsche AG of Germany. First launched in the 2006 model year, the Cayman is a coupe derived from Porsche's second generation Boxster convertible. Like the Boxster, most Caymans are assembled in Finland for Porsche by Valmet Automotive (the rest are assembled in Zuffenhausen near Stuttgart, Germany). Porsche's Deputy Chairman, Holger P. Haerter confirmed that their contract with Valmet Automotive will end in 2012, and the Cayman's production will be outsourced to Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik of Graz, Austria. (Panorama, 2008). After two years of development, the first model of the coupe to be released was the...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-9916-8
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Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Porsche Cayenne (Type number 957) is a five seat mid-size luxury sport utility vehicle manufactured by the German manufacturer Porsche since 2002, with North American sales beginning in 2003. Its platform was developed by Porsche and is shared with the Volkswagen Touareg and the Audi Q7. It is the first V8-engined vehicle built by Porsche since 1995, when the Porsche 928 was discontinued. Since 2008, all engines have featured direct injection technology. The second-generation Cayenne was unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show in March following an online reveal on February 25, 2010. The Cayenne's frame and doors are sourced from Volkswagen, who uses the frames and doors for the Volkswagen...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-9871-0
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011