High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Black silicon is a semiconductor material, a surface modification of silicon with very low reflectivity and correspondingly high absorption of visible (and infrared) light. The modification was discovered in the 1980s as an unwanted side effect of reactive ion etching (RIE). Another method for forming a similar structure was developed in Eric Mazur`s laboratory at Harvard University (1998).
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In atomic physics, the Bohr model, introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity. This was an improvement on the earlier cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911). Since the Bohr model is a quantum-physics–based modification of the Rutherford model, many sources combine the two, referring to the Rutherford–Bohr model.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In chemistry, a borane is a chemical compound of boron and hydrogen. The boranes comprise a large group of compounds with the generic formula of BxHy. These compounds do not occur in nature. Many of the boranes readily oxidise on contact with air, some violently. The parent member BH3 is called borane, but it is known only in the gaseous state, and dimerises to form diborane, B2H6. The larger boranes all consist of boron clusters that are polyhedral, some of which exist as isomers. For example, isomers of B20H26 are based on the fusion of two 10-atom clusters.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The boron group is the series of elements in group 13 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table, comprising boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and ununtrium (Uut). The elements in the boron group are characterized by having three electrons in their outer energy levels (valence layers). These elements have also been referred to as earth metals and as triels.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Bortezomib (INN, originally codenamed PS-341; marketed as Velcade by Millennium Pharmaceuticals) is the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor to be tested in humans. It is approved in the U.S. for treating relapsed multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In multiple myeloma, complete clinical responses have been obtained in patients with otherwise refractory or rapidly advancing disease.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Boston and Montana Consolidated Copper and Silver Mining Company (the "Boston and Montana" or "B&M") was a mining, smelting, and refining company which operated primarily in the state of Montana in the United States. It was established in 1887 and merged with the Amalgamated Copper Company in 1901. The Amalgamated Copper Company changed its name to Anaconda Copper in 1910, and became one of America`s largest corporations. Historian Michael P. Malone has written, "Well financed and well managed, the Boston and Montana came to rank among the world`s greatest copper companies."
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Boyne Island Aluminium Smelter is located on Boyne Island, Queensland, Australia, approximately 20 km south of the port of Gladstone. The smelter has a production capacity of 545,000 tonnes of aluminium per year The operating company Boyne Smelters Ltd is 59.4% owned by Rio Tinto Aluminium with the balance held by a consortium of Japanese participants including Sumitomo, Marubeni and Mitsubishi .
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Bretazenil (Ro16-6028) is an imidazopyrrolobenzodiazepineanxiolytic drug which is derived from the benzodiazepine family, and was invented in 1988. It is most closely related in structure to the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil, although its effects are somewhat different. It is classed as a high-potency benzodiazepine due to its high affinity binding to benzodiazepine binding sites where it acts as a partial agonist. Its profile as a partial agonist and preclinical trial data suggests that it may have a reduced adverse effect profile. In particular bretazenil has been proposed to cause a less strong development of tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. Bretazenil differs from traditional 1,4...
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The British Iron Company was formed in 1824 to smelt and manufacture iron and to mine ironstone, coal, etc. It was re-formed as the New British Iron Company in 1843 and wound up in 1892.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Brodifacoum is a highly lethal vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant poison. In recent years, it has become one of the world`s most widely used pesticides. It is typically used as a rodenticide but is also used to control larger mammalian pests such as possum.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Bromazepam (marketed under several brand names, including Lectopam, Lexotan, Lexilium, Lexaurin, Brazepam, Rekotnil, Bromaze and Lexotanil) is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s. It has mainly anxiolytic properties and at higher doses also sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Brotizolam (marketed under brand name Lendormin) is a sedative-hypnoticthienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and is considered to be similar in effect to short-acting benzodiazepines such as triazolam. It is used in the short term treatment of severe or debilitating insomnia. Brotizolam is an extremely potent drug and has shown anti-anxiety activity at doses as low as 80 to 100 micrograms, but the usual hypnotic dose of brotizolam is 0.125 to 0.25 milligrams, and it is rapidly eliminated with an average half-life of 4.4 hours (range 3.6 - 7.9 hours).
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Bushveld Igneous Complex (or BIC) is a large layered igneous intrusion within the Earth`s crust which has been tilted and eroded and now outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin, the Transvaal Basin. Located in South Africa, the BIC contains some of the richest ore deposits on Earth. The reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs), platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium are the world`s largest, and there are vast quantities of iron, tin, chromium, titanium and vanadium. Gabbro or norite is also quarried from parts of the Complex and rendered into dimension stone. The site was discovered around 1897 by Gustaaf Molengraaff.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Butene, also known as butylene, is an alkene with the formula C4H8. It is a colourless gas that is present in crude oil as a minor constituent in quantities that are too small for viable extraction. It is therefore obtained by catalytic cracking of long chain hydrocarbons left during refining of crude oil. Cracking produces a mixture of products and the butene is extracted from this by fractional distillation.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Butylscopolamine, also known as scopolamine butylbromide, butylhyoscine and hyoscine butylbromide, is a peripherally acting antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agent used as an abdominal-specific antispasmodic. It is a quaternary ammonium compound and a semisynthetic derivative of scopolamine. It is marketed under the trade name Buscopan by Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Germany, who also offer a combination of butylscopolamine and paracetamol, marketed under the name Buscopan Plus (in some countries, Buscopan Compositum).