The tire tread compound for passenger car tires is a blend of natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR) and synthetic polyisoprene (IR). It is designed to have high abrasion resistance and traction, low rolling resistance and long durability in service. To achieve these requirements, reinforcing fillers such as colloidal carbon blacks and synthetic silicas are added to raw rubbers.In recent years, silica has been replacing carbon black in industrial rubber articles, for example passenger car tires, offering significant benefits including curing chemicals reduction. In this book, effects of silanized precipitated amorphous white silica nanofiller on the viscosity, curing, mechanical and dynamic...
ISBN: 978-3-6390-9941-6
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
La microscopie a force atomique (AFM) en mode contact vibrant est sensible aux proprietes elastiques des materiaux. L'objectif de ce travail est d'obtenir des informations quantitatives (les modules elastiques) a partir des images AFM. La partie theorique consiste en une mise en equation de la mecanique du levier et en l'etude des deformations elastiques du systeme pointe-echantillon. D'un point de vue experimental, la reussite de notre approche provient de l'excitation des leviers par une force electrostatique, et d'un etalonnage de la frequence de resonance sur des materiaux aux proprietes connues. Nous avons applique les methodes precedentes pour mesurer l'elasticite des constituants sub-microscopiques de la paroi cellulaire du bois....
ISBN: 978-6-1315-0229-3
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Production of nanostructured materials is currently an active area of research. It has been shown that some mechanical properties, such as hardness and toughness, increase with decreasing grain size in some materials. These materials often have improved thermal, electrical, and optical properties. It has been demonstrated that the size of nanomaterials and the structure of the outer layers determine their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. Manufacturing processes must produce nanosize materials of uniform dimensions and of strictly controlled surfaces to find practical applications. Ultimately, the structure of materials on the nanoscale is poorly understood. In this study, silicon carbide nanowires were produced reliably by...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-9762-4
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Polymeric scaffolds provide a surface that can facilitate cell growth and tissue morphogenesis. Of particular interest is the role of nanoscale materials on cell behavior. Nanoscale topographies can be generated on two-dimensional polymeric substrates via reactive ion etching. The magnitude and morphology of the topography can be tailored by the gas media, etching time and power used. Cellular morphology, adhesion and differntiation can be controlled by altering the magnitude surface topography. The results suggest that cells can detect nanoscalar 2D surface topographies and alter their function in response to these environmental stimuli. Although nanofibrillar surfaces can be considered pseudo-three dimensional, they cannot produce 3D...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-1506-9
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book is a new view on current approaches to biotechnology sciences specially stem cell researches. The authors of this book come from the bioengineering, and physical chemistry communities and each joins the discussion with a unique perspective on biological systems. Consequently, the approaches range from finite element methods commonly used in continuum engineering to biology of the stem cell as a cross-linked nanotechnology science. Nanotechnology is beginning to help advance the equally pioneering field of stem cell research, with devices that can precisely control stem cells and provide nanoscaffolds and magnetic tracking systems. Nanotechnology has been increasingly used to control the cellular environment. In addition,...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-4333-8
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The National Football League (NFL) is the highest level of professional American football. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing its name to the National Football League in 1922. The league currently consists of thirty-two teams from the United States. The league is divided evenly into two conferences — the American Football Conference (AFC) and National Football Conference (NFC), and each conference has four divisions that have four teams each. The NFL is organized as an unincorporated association of its 32 teams. The NFL is by far the best attended domestic sports league in the world by average attendance per game,...
ISBN: 978-6-1312-7914-0
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
In India, the National Highways are the primary long-distance roadways. Most are maintained by the Government of India, others are operated under a public-private partnership by the private sector. Most are two-lane (one in each direction). They span about 67,000 km (42,000 mi), of which about 200 km (120 mi) are designated expressways and 10,000 km (6,200 mi) have four lanes or more. Indian highways constitute approximately 2% of the total road network of India, but carry nearly 40% of the total traffic. The National Highways Development Project, currently being implemented, seeks to massively expand India's highway network. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-6-1313-2879-4
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A naval trawler is a boat built along the lines of a fishing trawler but fitted out for naval purposes.Naval trawlers were widely used during the First and Second world wars. Fishing trawlers were particularly suited for many naval requirements because they were robust boats designed to work heavy trawls in all types of weather and had large clear working decks. One could create a mine sweeper simply by replacing the trawl with a mine sweep. Adding depth charge racks on the deck, asdic below, and a 4-inch gun in the bows equipped the trawler for anti-submarine duties. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-9500-8
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! « Navire amiral » est le terme militaire designant le navire de l'officier de marine au grade le plus eleve de la flotte. L'amiral etant le grade le plus eleve. La coutume veut que ce navire batte un pavillon distinctif le rendant aisement reconnaissable de sa flotte. Ce terme est une designation provisoire non attachee a un seul et meme bateau, cependant, il designe generalement le bateau le plus imposant ou le plus rapide car c'est souvent celui choisi par l'amiral. Le terme correspondant dans les marines britannique et americaine est « flagship » (lit. "navire drapeau"). Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-6-1341-3480-4
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Neurological diseases in newborns are usually first revealed by seizures, which are characterised by a synchronous discharge of a large number of neurons. Failure to control seizures may lead to brain damage or even death. Neonatal EEG seizures can have signatures in both low frequency (lower than 10 Hz) and high frequency (higher than 70 Hz) areas. The seizures detection techniques proposed in the literature concentrated on using either low frequency or high frequency signatures but not both simultaneously. These methods tend to miss the seizures that reveal themselves only in one of the two frequency areas. The author proposed a detection method that uses seizure features in both low and high frequency areas. Данное...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-0832-6
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
In the recent years, we have witnessed fast development of digital communications systems - especially the wireless systems which have expanded extremely fast. Hand in hand with their widespread application comes an intense research in many fields of digital signal processing. In presented work, we focus on using higher order statistics for channel equalisation. The task of equalisation is to remove distortion inhered while propagating from transmitter to receiver. In presented work we review the equalisation methods based on higher order statistics, namely methods based on kurtosis and constant modulus property. The properties of different Constant modulus algorithms are then compared at different system conditions. Finally, the work...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-6457-7
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Biomedical shape memory alloys are required to have a superior corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and stable shape memory properties. Among many shape memory alloys, only NiTi alloys have been widely applied for biomedical applications, because they satisfy the above requirements. However, it has been pointed out that pure nickel is a toxic element and cause nickel hypersensitivity. It is preferable to develop absolutely safe nickel free titanium based shape memory alloys composed of non-toxic elements such as niobium for biomedical applications. In this book, the effect of molybdenum addition in Ti-Nb binary alloy was investigated. Two alloys with varying compositions namely alloy 1 (Ti-26at%Nb) and alloy 2 (Ti-26at%Nb-0.1at%Mo)...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-7115-5
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Aromatic nitration by mixed acid is one of the most widely used reactions in the organic chemical industries. Aromatic nitro compounds find wide use in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, polymers, solvents, agrochemicals and explosives. In this book, nitration of nitrobenzene using high-concentrations of sulfuric acid is described in a batch reactor at 298 K and at moderately higher temperatures. Various physicochemical properties of the nitrobenzene, sulfuric acid and nitric acid system are reported. The mass transfer coefficients of nitrobenzene in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations at different stirring speeds, and the reaction rate constants are reported at these temperatures. The activation energies of the...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-3209-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is the name given to a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei. For details regarding this phenomenon and its origins, refer to the nuclear magnetic resonance article. The most important applications for the organic chemist are proton NMR and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. In principle, NMR is applicable to any nucleus possessing spin. Many types of information can be obtained from an NMR spectrum. Much like using infrared spectroscopy (IR) to identify functional groups, analysis of a NMR spectrum provides information on the number and type of chemical entities in a molecule. However, NMR...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-2392-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! NMR spectroscopy techniques can determine the absolute configuration of stereoisomers such as cis or trans alkenes, R or S enantiomers, and R,R or R,S diastereomers. In a mixture of enantiomers, these methods can help quantify the optical purity by integrating the area under the NMR peak corresponding to each stereoisomer. Accuracy of integration can be improved by inserting a chiral derivatizing agent with a nucleus other than hydrogen or carbon, then reading the heteronuclear NMR spectrum: for example fluorine-19 NMR or phosphorus-31 NMR. Mosher's acid contains a -CF3 group, so if the adduct has no other fluorine atoms, the 19F NMR of a racemic mixture shows just two peaks, one for each...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-2396-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! NOAAS Mount Mitchell (S 222), previously USC Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1310-2420-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The dynamics of hydraulic systems are highly nonlinear. Aside from the nonlinear nature of hydraulic dynamics, hydraulic systems also have large extent of model uncertainties, either due to parametric uncertainties or uncertain nonlinearities. These nasty characteristics make the precision motion control of hydraulic systems rather difficult. As a stepping stone toward the systematic design of high performance control algorithms for hydraulic systems, a nonlinear model based adaptive robust control approach is presented and carefully examined through both rigorous theoretical analysis and experimental verifications. Specifically, nonlinear physical model based analysis and design is used to address the inherent nonlinearities of...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-6196-7
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book introduces a new optimization algorithm for simulation-based design of systems with multi-modal, nonlinear, black box objective functions. The algorithm extends the recently introduced adaptive multi-modal optimization by incorporating surrogate modeling features similar to response surface methods (RSM). The resulting optimization algorithm has reduced computational intensity and is therefore well-suited for optimization of expensive black box objective functions. The algorithm produces progressively accurate surrogate models around the local minima which can be used for post-optimization studies such as sensitivity and tolerance analyses with minimal computational effort. This algorithm is suitable for optimal design of...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-7401-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The North West Shelf Venture, situated in the north-west of Western Australia, is Australia's largest resource development project. It involves the extraction of petroleum (mostly natural gas and condensate) at offshore production platforms, onshore processing and export of liquefied natural gas, and production of natural gas for industrial, commercial and domestic use within the state. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1333-8119-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The application of selected reactive dyes and pigments in association with a crease recovery (CR) finish (of the dimethyloldihydroxyehtylene urea type) and a flame retardant (FR) finish (based upon telrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride) were investigated. These finishes were applied prior to the reactive dye and pigment printing, with the aim of producing a process sequence able to give a quick response and enhanced finish and print performance. CR finishing prior to reactive dye printing results in a marked reduction in shade depth, whilst reactive dye printing over the FR finish improves the colour strength. FR finishing prior to pigment printing enhances the limiting oxygen index (LOT) values relative to the conventional route....
ISBN: 978-3-6392-8910-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Over the last decade, the research on III-Nitrides semiconductor materials has increased exponentially, and engineering the III-Nitrides semiconductor materials for energy efficient laser and solid-state lighting are among the most exciting activities in nitride-based research and development area. Conventional methods of producing nitride-based laser are complicated and lack of viable approach for large scale production. Regarding existing technologies for solid-state white light sources, especially, white and color-tunable LEDs, they are suffered from severe patent issues. This book, therefore, provides new methods of engineering nitride-based materials for novel microdisk lasers and solid-state white and color-tunable light sources,...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-8386-8
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! According to a recent survey[when?] of energy accidents, there have been 56 nuclear reactor accidents in the United States. The most serious of these was the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979. Relatively few accidents have involved fatalities.Globally, there have been 99 (civilian and military) nuclear reactor accidents from 1952 to 2009 (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$50,000 of property damage, the amount the US federal government uses to define major energy accidents that must be reported), totaling...
ISBN: 978-6-1334-0970-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011