Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war, Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, welche zur Optimierung der Steuerung des Warmvorwalzprozesses, im Hinblick auf Erzielung einer moglichst sabel- und dickenkeilfreien Bandgeometrie, fuhren. Um den Prozess bezuglich der Storgrosse Bandsabel ausreichend analysieren zu konnen, ist es notig, diese im Prozessablauf erfassen zu konnen. Die lange Zeit nicht mogliche und immer noch nicht problemlose Messung des Bandsabels fuhrt zu einer manuellen Regelung der Bandgeometrie im Hinblick auf dieses Qualitatsmerkmal. An der untersuchten Warmwalzstrasse wurde ein Messsystem installiert, das zur Erfassung der Bandkantenposition dient. Die gemessenen Daten wurden zu Onlinebestimmung des Bandsabels verwendet. Gleichzeitig wurden die...
ISBN: 978-3-6390-0766-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
An NC Program merely guides and controls a Machining process. It cannot respond and react to variations in machining conditions during the operation. This results in many unfavorable situations like greater lead times, tool damage, extreme caution in work handling etc. during machining. In order to overcome above mentioned problems, the concept of ADAPTIVE CONTROL MACHINING was introduced. The purpose of introducing this concept is to control and optimize the variable cutting parameters. The applications of ACM are not only limited to NC machining but such systems are designed to compensate for environment changes perceived, monitored, altered or reset according to the situation. In the present work, Adaptive Control principles are...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-7760-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
As global petroleum demand continues to increase, alternative fuel vehicles are becoming the focus of increasing attention. Biodiesel has emerged as an attractive alternative fuel option due to its domestic availability from renewable sources, its relative physical and chemical similarities to conventional diesel fuel, and its miscibility with conventional diesel. Biodiesel combustion in modern diesel engines does, however, generally result in higher fuel consumption and higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions compared to diesel combustion due to fuel property differences including calorifc value and oxygen content. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal engine decision-making for 100% soy-based biodiesel and blends of 20%...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-5433-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The pulverization mechanism of low-cross-link-density natural rubber in Sold State Shear Extrusion is the objective of this work. Although the results support the rotating speed of the screw has a great impact on the produced particle size, the process has to be applied in a certain range of the temperature and normal stress depended on the material. A non-monotonic behavior between the particle size and set temperature in different heating zones were observed. The results show carbon black causes a non-monotonic behavior. Based on this observation, it is concluded that the mechanical properties of material have a great impact in the pulverization process. We also developed a Gaussian slip-link model for non-filled polymer networks. The...
ISBN: 978-3-6390-5592-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The pH measurement in chemical analysis is an important index in numerous applications, e.g. chemical engineering, environmental science, materials science, biochemistry, pharmaceutical industry. Routine pH measurements are carried out with pH meter-glass electrode assemblies. The use of these electrodes is subject to various effects, producing uncertainties of unknown magnitude. Therefore, the measurement of pH requires a suitable calibration by certified standard buffer solutions traceable to primary pH standards. This monograph addresses the optimal experimental procedure for the calibration problem to common pH meters, under D- and c-optimality criteria. By considering the simple regression model, the main target is to estimate as a...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-5286-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
In cellular mobile communication, since there will be conversation in progress in case of handover calls, GOS for them should be less than that for newly originating calls. Basically, there are three channel assignment schemes, fixed, dynamic & hybrid channel assignment schemes for handling newly originating and handover calls. In this study, capacity design for cellular mobile network in area inside ring road in Kathmandu valley has been done according to the findings of data collection and analysis of mobile communication service being provided by Nepal Telecom. Capacity planning has been done with GOS equal to 2% for newly originating calls and 1% for handover calls. In addition to capacity planning, efficient channel assignment...
ISBN: 978-3-8443-0534-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The industrial production of garments and similar textile end products is an activity with roots back to the 19th century that has profited immensely from continuous technological developments since its first emergence. However, several characteristics of the materials that are processed give rise to technical issues that are difficult to objectively manage and control. The machines, although often equipped with complex devices to aid in material handling, are blind regarding the process itself; they run with an initial set-up and are neither capable of adapting to varying sewing conditions nor can they detect anomalous operation. This work intends to measure and analyse several sewing variables in-process, in order to develop objective...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-9514-6
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Submarine activities have increased steadily in the last forty years all over the world. In Brazil, many unmanned underwater vehicles have been used in delicate, precise and risky tasks in the oil industry. Due to strategic economical interest, a Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (SAUV) is being developed at the Univ. of Sao Paulo (USP). This work presents the development of a Robust Control System, which will be embedded in the SAUV. The controller synthesis is based in a Tracking System fed by a State Estimator. The controller is able to keep the vehicle in a desired trajectory and also shows very good performance in activities involving Dynamic Positioning. To develop the controller, an interactive methodology was used, until a...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-4545-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
One of the problems faced by planners when designing an expansion plan for water resource systems is selecting the sequence of projects that satisfies a given demand at minimum cost, some prescribed time in the future. There is also a need to develop hydropower that is economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. This book introduces optimal scheduling that minimizes net present cost by applying dynamic programming. At the same time this book has made a basis to follow this decision-making system for plants to be constructed in the future. This systematic analysis helps those who want to determine an optimal plan for the expansion of an electric power system, and should be especially useful to professional Данное...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-8127-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or OAPEC is a multi-governmental organization headquartered in Kuwait which coordinates energy policies in Arab nations, and whose main stated purpose is developmental.On 9 January 1968 three of the (then) most conservative Arab oil states Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia agreed in Beirut to found OAPEC, aiming to separate oil production and sale from politics in the wake of the halfhearted 1967 oil embargo related to the Six Day War. Such use of the oil weapon in the struggle against Israel had been regularly proposed at Arab Petroleum Congresses, but it took this war for it to happen. However,...
ISBN: 978-6-1333-8075-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
A global trend towards sustainable industry has highlighted a need to source energy and chemicals from renewable feed stocks. A move to farming short-rotation lignocellulosic biomass is one solution to the feed stock problem. However, it is also critical to use a fractionation technology that is appropriate to the biomass type and location. This text details doctoral research on the ethanol organosolv process for fractionation of short-rotation willow. The work is presented in three stages. First, the kinetics of delignification is studied with regard to the important parameters. The effect of prehydrolysis on subsequent organosolv pulping is revealed. Secondly, the easy recovery of organosolv lignin is illustrated with a novel...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-9155-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The sustainability of an organization depends not only upon its financial performance, but also upon its environmental and social performance requiring the integration of economic, environmental and social objectives i.e., the triple bottom line (TBL) into overall strategic plan and decision making process. This research introduces a new decision making tool that integrates both financial and nonfinancial performance measures into the process of investment planning via the TBL. It makes use of stakeholder theory for group decision making, analytic network process (ANP) as a decision support tool and stochastic linear programming to create an optimal investment portfolio. This new tool evaluates and prioritizes a set of projects and...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-8320-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, where the view direction is orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. It is further divided into multiview orthographic projections and axonometric projections. The term orthographic is also sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is also parallel with the projection plane, as in multiview orthographic projections. Данное издание не...
ISBN: 978-6-1311-0351-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Otto engine was a large stationary single-cylinder internal combustion four-stroke engine designed by Nicolaus Otto. It was a low-RPM machine, and only fired occasionally since it was a hit-and-miss engine. Like many engines of the early 1900s, the Otto engine used an open-frame design with all operating cams and levers mounted on the outside of the cylinder head. While this design permits very easy access and observation of all moving components, it also subjects the mechanisms to any dust and moisture in the environment. Consequently this type of machine needs regular cleaning and greasing by an engine operator to keep running correctly, or the levers and gears will eventually seize up...
ISBN: 978-6-1310-9033-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
?-tocopherol and transition metal in scavenging mixture were evaluated as a possible oxygen scavenger. The effects of moisture, amount of transition metal, and thermal processing on oxygen scavenging capability were also investigated. Our results showed that ?-tocopherol and transition metal had 6.72 cc O2/g oxygen scavenging capacity and 0.11 cc O2 /g?day oxygen scavenging rate. Nanoencapsulation technology was adopted for the possible oxygen scavenging activation system. ?-tocopherol-loaded poly ?-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles were prepared by O/W emulsion solvent evaporation with ultrasonication. The effect of PCL concentration, solvent in oil phase, and ultrasonication time on encapsulation efficiency (%), particle mean size, and...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-4341-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Pacific Electric Railway (reporting mark PE), also known as the Red Car system, was a mass transit system in Southern California using streetcars, light rail, and buses. At its greatest extent, around 1925, the system interconnected cities in Los Angeles and Orange Counties and also connected to Riverside County and San Bernardino County in the Inland Empire. Originally, there was an Eastern District, but this was incorporated into the Northern District early in the company's existence. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-9119-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A packaging gas is a gas used to pack sensitive materials in a modified atmosphere. It is usually inert, or of a nature that protects the packaged goods, thus inhibiting reactions such as spoilage. Some may also serve as propellant for aerosols like whipped cream.Gas is one of three classical states of matter. Near absolute zero, a substance exists as a solid. As heat is added to this substance it melts into a liquid at its melting point (see phase change), boils into a gas at its boiling point, and if heated high enough would enter a plasma state in which the electrons are so energized that they leave their parent atoms from within the gas. Данное издание не является...
ISBN: 978-3-6399-6933-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A panel truck is a windowless cargo van built on a truck chassis. Similar in function to its smaller cousin, the sedan delivery; which is a station wagon with no backseat, and no side windows aft of the front doors. Both types of vehicles are frequently used as delivery vehicles. Panel trucks are often used by construction and maintenance contractors and were sometimes configured for ambulance and hearse roles. Other variations include Canopy express models, which have open display areas behind the driver's seat primarily used by farmers for selling fruits and vegetables. The evolution of sport utility vehicles can be traced to panel trucks, as the Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon, as well as...
ISBN: 978-6-1324-9442-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! On distingue cinq types de signalisation : la signalisation par panneaux, la signalisation par feux, la signalisation par marquage des chaussees, la signalisation par balisage, la signalisation par bornage. Le present article est consacre a la signalisation par panneaux en France. En 1946; Instruction generale sur la signalisation; Signalisation d'obstacles (forme triangulaire, fond creme, listel bleu fonce). Signalisation de localisation (texte blanc, fond bleu fonce). Panneaux d'interdiction (forme ronde, listel rouge). Panneaux d'indication (forme carree, fond bleu, listel blanc). Signalisation de direction Данное издание не является оригинальным....
ISBN: 978-6-1318-9444-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Environmental considerations have become a strategic priority for many companies during the past decade, and the development of new products has had to respond to this trend. Although many methods have been developed for this purpose, much of this effort has found barriers. Environmental assessment is done by using LCA software; engineering design is done in Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems. Both worlds have strong relations – especially when Ecodesign is to be implemented – but they are not necessarily connected. This thesis wants to link both worlds. A framework to integrate LCA into CAD software is developed. The thesis focuses on the translation of LCA results into a judgement of how well or poorly the environmental...
ISBN: 978-3-8381-1789-8
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The main objective of this work was to investigate the application of experimental design techniques for the identification of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters. More specifically, this study attempts to elucidate the relative advantages/disadvantages of employing complex experimental design techniques in relation to equidistant sampling when applied to different reactor operation modes. All studies were supported by simulation data of a generic enzymatic process that obeys to the Michaelis-Menten kinetic equation. Different aspects were investigated, such as the influence of different reactor operation modes (batch, fed-batch with pulsewise feeding and fed- batch with continuous feeding) and the experimental design optimality criteria...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-5334-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Parnell Tunnel is a railway tunnel under Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand. It is 344.5 metres (1,130 ft) long, and allows the Western and Southern lines coming from Newmarket Train Station to Britomart Transport Centre to pass under the Parnell Ridge before the line drops to harbour level. In fact, the Parnell Tunnel is composed of two tunnels, an older single-track tunnel and a newer double-track tunnel, though the entrances to the older tunnel are closed and it has not been in use for most of the last century. The tunnel, originally intended at least in part to provide a connection to Drury for the New...
ISBN: 978-6-1342-5293-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The controlled drug release has been proven to enhance the bioavailability of a drug by maintaining the drug concentration in therapeutic level within certain period of time and lowering the risk of drugs side effects by reducing the frequency of drug administration. Among the available drug administration systems, microcapsule has provided advantages over the conventional mode, due to higher efficiency and flexibility. This microcapsule can be produced by supercritical fluids (SCF) method which currently been used in composite particles production. This application solves the limitations of conventional pharmaceutical methods for the production of active ingredient loaded micro particles. Supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) is one of the...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-8986-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011