In the book, such methods of covariance estimation have been studied, which allow to make the measurement results more precise in case the observation data have different degrees of precision and are correlated. To compare the results of the measurements accomplished at different times, a test of the homogeneity of several correlation coefficients has been applied. It is a known fact that during the estimation of any output value it is impossible to be sure that the input values' correlation ratios can be neglected. Therefore, in practice any function under investigation has to be estimated with the use of sampled data and such methods of statistics estimation, which will specify the covariance of dependent variables. For example, if the...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-3561-6
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Recent developments of high strength line pipe steel have seen a decrease in carbon content from 0.25 wt% to less than 0.05 wt% and manganese to less than 1 wt% in an attempt to reduce centreline segregation. The sulphur content should be less than 0.008 wt% as well. However, recent papers argued that low manganese levels in pipeline steels have the potential to improve weld line toughness and allow a higher tolerance for sulphur. Should this be true it would be possible to eliminate the usual desulphurising treatments decreasing the production cost. The current study was designed to explore the effect of titanium on sulphide precipitation in steels with higher sulphur contents than currently used in the pipeline industry. The mechanical...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-3659-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
With increasing concerns of global warming and rising emissions, the asphalt industry is making a constant effort to lower the mixing and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixture without affecting the mix properties. Several proprietary chemicals are available in the industry that can help reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures. A significant reduction of required heat can be achieved in most cases. While some studies have been conducted to evaluate the properties of warm mix asphalt; properties of binders and mixtures, in fresh and aged conditions, containing these chemicals have not been studied in great detail. This research presents the results of tests conducted to evaluate the properties of warm asphalt binders and mixes,...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-7474-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Verbraucher werden in der heutigen Zeit mit Informationen rund um gesunde Ernahrung uberflutet. Trotz des Uberangebots an Informationen steigt die Haufigkeit ernahrungsabhangiger Krankheiten. Fur das Korrigieren eines falschen Ernahrungsverhaltens ist sachliche und fachliche Aufklarung notwendig, welche praxisorientierte Ernahrungskampagnen erfullen sollen. Die Autorin Rafaela Wieser gibt einfuhrend einen Uberblick uber effiziente Ernahrungskommunikation und die Wirkung der Medien. Darauf aufbauend analysiert sie funf ausgewahlte Ernahrungskampagnen fur Erwachsene in Osterreich. Hierzu wurde ein Fragebogen erstellt, um die Effektivitat der Kampagnen auf das Ernahrungs- und Bewegungsverhalten zu evaluieren. Raumlich wurde die Erhebung auf...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-2728-4
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Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Im Rahmen eines mehrjahrigen Forschungsvorhabens beschaftigt man sich an der TU Dresden mit der Weiterentwicklung einer thermohydraulischen Freikolbenmaschine (FKM) als Primaraggregat fur mobilhydraulische Antriebe. Schwerpunkte dieses Vorhabens sind die Entwicklung eines emissionsarmen Motorprozesses, Entwicklungsarbeiten zur Peripherie der FKM sowie der Aufbau und die Erprobung der FKM in einer Applikation. Durch die Massenkrafte der Kolbeneinheit im Betrieb wird die Freikolbenmaschine zu Schwingungen angeregt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die Wirkungen der Massenkrafte im Betrieb der FKM theoretisch dargelegt. Basierend an diesen Untersuchungen wird eine anforderungsgerechte Lagerung fur die Entkopplung der Schwingungen vom Rahmen...
ISBN: 978-3-8364-9532-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Die Kernaufgaben einer offentlichen Verwaltung haben sich in den letzten Jahren stark verandert. War es fruher die reine Infrastrukturdienstleistung auf kommunaler und legislativer Ebene, sind es heute eine Vielzahl von Zusatzleistungen, welche bei gleichzeitig langfristiger und strategischer Planung anfallen. Die Anzahl der zu verwaltenden Liegenschaften und Objekte nimmt dabei standig zu. Der steigende finanzielle Aufwand fur die gemeindeeigenen Objekte steht, gerade in wirtschaftlich angespannten Zeiten, kontinuierlich sinkenden Einnahmen der Kommune gegenuber. In diesem Buch wurde anhand bekannter Daten und Zahlen der Ansatz gewagt, durch eine „Steuerungsoptimierung“ fur den Bereich Facility Management das Einsparungspotenzial...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-1307-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
In der Kleinserienfertigung stellt die effektive Beschickung von Fertigungseinrichtungen oft eine Herausforderung dar. Um die Produktionskosten und - zeiten in einem wettbewerbsfahigen Rahmen zu halten, ist es meistens unumganglich, eine automatisierte Handhabung einzusetzen. Allerdings gehen diese Systeme oftmals mit hohen Investitionskosten einher, die den Einsatz unrentabel machen konnen. Weiters ist fur viele derartige Installationen eine lange Montage- und Einrichtzeit notwendig, was zu langen Stillstandszeiten im Produktionssystem wahrend des Umstellens auf eine andere Serie fuhren kann. In diesem Buch sind Auslegung, Konstruktion und Berechnung eines Einlegegerats fur Drehmaschinen aufgefuhrt, das durch seinen schnellen Aufbau,...
ISBN: 978-3-8364-5388-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The dominant paradigm of paleoclimatology holds that fluctuations in the oceans' meridional overturning circulation can explain most past climate changes. There is, however, acute recognition of the importance of tropical Pacific sea-surface temperatures in orchestrating modern climate variability on timescales longer than a few years, epitomized by the El Nino - Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO). This book investigates a subset of mechanisms whereby low-frequency variability is produced within the tropical Pacific and exported to the rest of the globe. We first develop an analytical theory of decadal changes in the tropical Pacific, making the case that local air/sea interactions can account for the observed variability. Next we...
ISBN: 978-3-6390-6975-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Nanofibers, which have high surface area to volume ratio and better mechanical properties, are nanomaterials that both industry and scientists have started to show great attention in the last two decades. They are used in many areas such as life and filtration sciences, sensors, and composite reinforcement etc. The purpose of this study is to electrospin polystyrene/butyl rubber blends and to investigate the effects of electrospinning parameters on the fibers produced. In this study, polystyrene/butyl rubber blends were electrospun by changing the applied voltage, the tip- to-collector distance, the flowrate, and the butyl rubber content in the fiber. Finally, morphology of electrospun fibers was characterized by SEM. Данное...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-6812-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book deals with an emerging nanofibre-making technology, electrospinning, the functionalities of electrospun nanofibres and their wound healing application. An important fundamental issue, fibre morphological evolution during electrospinning, is clarified. Effective techniques to improve the fibre toughness and control the surface wettability of nanofibre membrane have been developed. These functional nanofibre membranes have been used as dressing materials for healing skin wounds, and shown promising results. This work makes electrospun nanofibre membrane an ideal candidate for wound healing application. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-8915-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This study covers the preparation and electrochemical characterization of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA®). These electrodes were prepared for the first time using the spin coating technique. Eventually, the mechanisms of the charging/discharging process, the oxygen evolution reaction and the electrochemical oxidation of organics are investigated using electroanalytical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. The results obtained show that the electrode material participates actively during these processes through surface redox activities. The mechanisms and models proposed have then been used in order to perform a kinetic study of the electrochemical oxidation of...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-2008-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
An organization or plant in this era cannot avoid Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) / Electrical Over Stress (EOS) factors when running daily manufacturing activity. ESD problems are increasing in the electronics industry because of the trends toward higher speed and smaller device sizes which are sensitive to ESD. The product mostly consisting of IC component and ESD sensitive is a major concern where the failure trend related to ESD, is now become an alarming condition In this book, it defines the problem related to ESD facing by manufacturing company, measurement to justify the problem and improvement activity taken and suggestion to reduce the failure. This book suggest improvements in ESD protection which minimize yield losses and 0km...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-7841-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book offers an introduction to the fundamentals of the process used, and its practical implementation in modern electroplating. The book deals with electrochemical principles of electroplating process such as cathodic current efficiency, throwing power and electrolysis. The influences of several parameters on electroplating product are also described in this book. The book is split into two parts. The first, consisting of copper and zinc electroplating, this include their applications and processes. The processes are classified based on the baths types used, i.e. acid or alkaline baths. The second part of the book consists of brass alloy electroplating and its applications, this also includes the relationship between current...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-7518-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Fundamental understanding on the collective behavior of particulate systems under combined electro-mechanical loading environments is sought in several interdisciplinary applications. A few examples are,in the design of electrostatic granular valves, piezoelectric powder compacts/sensors, electromechanical separators for minerals and ores, powder injectors, and microbial particulate fuel cells . The developments in micro/nano technologies are pushing the limits of miniature particulate fabrications by designing particle interfaces with enhanced functionalities. This is achieved by precisely controlling the nature of interparticle forces acting between particles.Further, Ambient Intelligence and Virtual Process Creation Tools are expected...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-3702-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
In the first half of the twentieth century, corrosion engineers and material scientists used techniques such as salt spray and weight loss as their major methods of evaluating corrosion rates. Despite their reliabilities, these techniques are complex and time-consuming. With time, a new method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), has emerged to become firmly established as de facto method of evaluating corrosion behavior. This popularity has directly followed the widespread use of impedance techniques in fundamental and applied electrochemistry, and materials science. In this book, EIS is explained, qualitatively and quantitatively, and its applications to corrosion behavior of metallic structures are discussed. Because the...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-2113-8
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Simeon Symeonidis is a systems engineer with 10 years of industry experience. He worked on Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), processor module, GPU-accelerated software, algorithm, image/signal processing, and EO/IR designs. He has a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Engineering from Florida Atlantic University, a Master’s Degree in System Engineering from National Technological University, and a Doctorate Degree in Mechanical Engineering, with a focus on Transdisciplinary Engineering, from Texas Tech University. This manuscript is an update of his Doctorate dissertation. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-4793-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The current perpendicular to the plane giant magneto- resistance (CPP)-(GMR) effect makes multilayered nanowires of huge interest as magnetic sensor materials. In addition to the cost-effectiveness, electrodeposition is one of the few methods that can overcome the geometrical restrictions of inserting metals into very deep nanometric recesses, making it the favored method for nanowire and nanotube fabrication. In this work, the quaternary FeCoNiCu alloy system was investigated in order to electrodeposit multilayered nanowires/nanotubes for GMR effect. The choice of CoNiFeCu quaternary system allows the flexibility to optimize the magnetic property (GMR) by varying deposit composition. Layer thicknesses were controlled and varied for...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-3052-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Servo Hydraulic Control and Optimization outlines the disciplines,procedures and legislative requirements of the intelligent control development process for Electro hydraulic servo systems.It provides practical approach the control engineer needs to know in order to develop effective electro hydraulic servo system for modern industries. Three broad areas are covered: 1 Hydraulic system analysis 2 Control analysis 3 optimization and convergence analysis The emphasis throughout is placed on practical application and the text precisely reflects the best latest techniques. Chapters are subdivided into different topics for easy reference and implementation. A practical guideline for practicing engineers who wish to remain at the forefront of...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-4609-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The growing interest in wind turbine applications and the fast development of power electronics is making the manufacturers to find the most suitable and low cost technologies to put in practice. Permanent magnet synchronous generator are becoming more popular over the induction machine in wind turbine applications, because of the increased power to volume ratio, decreasing cost of magnets, and increased eficiency. In this scope, the purpose of this book is to find a solution in order not to use the sensor mounted on the shaft of the surface mounted permanent magnet machine for wind turbine applications. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...
ISBN: 978-3-8443-0134-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Mariam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Henssonow
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Enea Bossi, Sr. (29 March 1888 – 1963) was an Italian-American aerospace engineer and aviation pioneer. He is best-known for designing the Budd BB-1 Pioneer, the first stainless steel aircraft; and also the Pedaliante airplane, disputably credited with the first fully human-powered flight.Enea Bossi was born in Milan, Italy. He emigrated to the United States on the RMS Oceanic from Cherbourg, France, on 20 July 1914, subsequently residing at 264 Riverside Drive in Great Neck, New York. Bossi declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States on 30 July 1914 and petitioned for naturalization on 9 December 1925. He became a naturalized...
ISBN: 978-6-1324-7397-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Due to their high energy densities, car makers forced the development of lithium-ion batteries for hybrid-electrical vehicles. High charge and discharge pulses heat up a lithium-ion battery, which could lead to accelerated battery degradation, (loss of capacity), or even a safety-critical defect. This book deals with the design of a temperature and current depending switching strategy of a high- voltage electrical system, consisting of a lithium- ion battery and a double-layer capacitor. For the validation of the proposed controlling concept the models are integrated into a complete vehicle simulation of the hybrid power train using an independent co-simulation environment. This book emphasizes the capabilities of a co-simulation...
ISBN: 978-3-6393-3112-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Die Erfindung der Kaltemaschine macht es moglich, dass heute zu beliebiger Zeit Kalte in benotigter Menge und gewunschter Temperatur erzeugt werden kann. Aber fur die Kalteerzeugung braucht man Antriebsenergie. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit besteht darin, mit einer intelligenten Kombination von thermostatischem Expansionsventil und innerem Warmeubertrager den Energieverbrauch von Kalteanlagen deutlich zu verringern, ohne dass dies zu einer Verschlechterung der Zuverlassigkeit oder wesentlichen Mehrkosten fuhrt. Bis heute gelten die beiden bekannten Komponenten TEV und IWU als inkompatibel miteinander, weil die einfache Aneinanderreihung zu einem instabilen Regelverhalten fuhrt. Nach detaillierter Analyse der Ursachen dieser Instabilitat...
ISBN: 978-3-8381-0876-6
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The distillation has numerous advantages but it has also a drawback, namely its significant energy requirement. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the distillation systems energy integration can be applied. During the process design it is important to select the best applicable energy integration for the distillation system in the case of the given separation task. In the last decades environmental consciousness and controllability are also important criteria of the process design. The primary motivation of this book is to elaborate a complex process design methodology that evaluates the distillation systems based on exergetic, economic, and greenhouse gas emission aspects. The aim of the methodology is to determine how these...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-5285-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011