High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Numeracy is the ability to reason with numbers and other mathematical concepts. To be numerically literate, a person has to be comfortable with logic and reasoning. Some of the areas that are involved in numeracy include: basic numbers, orders of magnitude, geometry, algebra, probability and statistics. The portmanteau of "numerical literacy" was coined in 1959 by the UK Committee on Education, presided over by Sir Geoffrey Crowther. Innumeracy is a lack of numeracy. In the United States, numeracy is also known as Quantitative Literacy, and is familiar to math educators and intellectuals. There is also substantial overlap between conceptions of numeracy and conceptions of statistical literacy....

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3376-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Numeral system. Number names, Number system, Arabic numerals, Grapheme, Positional notation, Eye of Horus, Quinary, Octal, Decimal, Duodecimal, Vigesimal Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1300-5936-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! La numeration arabe comporte plusieurs systemes d'ecriture. On peut en effet utiliser les lettres de l'alphabet arabe, il s'agit de la numeration abjad, ou des signes issus de l'ecriture indienne nagari, ces chiffres indo-arabes sont parfois appeles « chiffres arabo-indiens ». La numeration abjad, surtout dans sa variante orientale, est tres proche de la Gematria hebraique. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1317-8698-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. Aliasing, Sine wave, Signal processing, Nyquist rate, Nyquist frequency, Sampling rate, Shannon–Hartley theorem, Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula, Reconstruction from zero crossings, Information theory, Analog signal Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1300-4581-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! An obelus ( ) (plural, obeli) is a symbol consisting of a short line with dots above and below. It is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore also known as a division sign. The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick, spit, or pointed pillar. This is the same root as that of the word "obelisk". Originally this sign (or a plain line) was used in ancient manuscripts to mark passages that were suspected of being corrupted or spurious. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1305-8086-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Oblate spheroidal coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two-dimensional elliptic coordinate system about the non-focal axis of the ellipse, i.e., the symmetry axis that separates the foci. Thus, the two foci are transformed into a ring of radius a in the x-y plane. Oblate spheroidal coordinates can also be considered as a limiting case of ellipsoidal coordinates in which the two largest semi-axes are equal in length. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1303-1658-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! An oblate spheroid is a rotationally symmetric ellipsoid having a polar axis shorter than the diameter of the equatorial circle whose plane bisects it. Oblate spheroids stand in contrast to prolate spheroids. It can be formed by rotating an ellipse about its minor axis, forming an equator with the end points of the major axis. As with all ellipsoids, it can also be described by the lengths of three mutually perpendicular principal axes, which are in this case two arbitrary equatorial semi-major axes and one semi-minor axis. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...

ISBN: 978-6-1309-2209-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing pictorial, two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects. In both oblique projection and orthographic projection, parallel lines of the source object produce parallel lines in the projected image. The projectors in oblique projection intersect the projection plane at an oblique angle to produce the projected image, as opposed to the perpendicular angle used in orthographic projection. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3717-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

In this book, continuum models of re-entrant production systems are developed that treat the ?ow of products in analogy to traffic ?ow. Specifically, the dynamics of material ?ow through a re - entrant factory via a parabolic conservation law is modeled describing the product density and ?ux in the factory. The basic idea underlying the approach is to obtain transport coefficients for ?uid dynamic models in a multiscale setting simultaneously from Monte Carlo simulations and actual observations of the physical system, i.e. a production factory. Since partial differential equation (PDE) - conservation laws are successfully used for modeling the dynamical behavior of product ?ow in manufacturing systems, a highly re-entrant manufacturing...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-0454-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Scotland had a distinct system of measures and weights until at least the late 18th century, based on the ell as a unit of length, the stone as a unit of mass and the boll and the firlot as units of dry measure. This official system coexisted with local variants, especially for the measurement of land. The system is said to have been introduced by David I of Scotland (1124–53), although there are no surviving records until the 15th century when the system was already in normal use. Standard measures and weights were kept in each burgh, and these were periodically compared against one another at "assizes of measures", often during the early years of the reign of a new monarch. Nevertheless,...

ISBN: 978-6-1311-1833-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The obstacle problem is a classic motivating example in the mathematical study of variational inequalities and free boundary problems. The problem is to find the equilibrium position of an elastic membrane whose boundary is held fixed, and which is constrained to lie above a given obstacle. It is deeply related to the study of minimal surfaces and the capacity of a set in potential theory as well. Applications include the study of fluid filtration in porous media, constrained heating, elasto-plasticity, optimal control, and financial mathematics. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3721-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, obstruction theory is a name given to two different mathematical theories, both of which yield cohomological invariants. he older meaning for obstruction theory in homotopy theory relates to a procedure, inductive with respect to dimension, for extending a continuous mapping defined on a simplicial complex, or CW complex. Traditionally called Eilenberg obstruction theory, after Samuel Eilenberg. It involves cohomology groups with coefficients in homotopy groups to define obstructions to extensions. For example, with a mapping from a simplicial complex X to another, Y, defined initially on the 0-skeleton of X (the vertices of X), an extension to the 1-skeleton will be possible...

ISBN: 978-6-1310-2104-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Guido Grandi illustrated the series with a parable involving two brothers who share a gem. Thomson's lamp is a supertask in which a hypothetical lamp is turned on and off infinitely many times in a finite time span. One can think of turning the lamp on as adding 1 to its state, and turning it off as subtracting 1. Instead of asking the sum of the series, one asks the final state of the lamp. One of the best-known classic parables to which infinite series have been applied, Achilles and the tortoise, can also be adapted to the case of Grandi's series. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3725-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ochsner Baptist Medical Center is a hospital in New Orleans, Louisiana. The complex of hospital buildings is located on Napoleon Avenue in Uptown New Orleans. Formerly known as Southern Baptist Hospital, it was founded in 1926 by the Southern Baptist Convention. In 1969, the religious organization separated itself from the hospital (and several others) and Southern Baptist Hospital became an independent non-profit entity. In the early 1980s the hospital spent over $100,000,000 (Project 2000) to add to and renovate the original building. In 1990 it merged with Mercy Hospital (now called Lindy Boggs Medical Center, located near the end of Bayou St. John on Jefferson Davis Parkway) and the two...

ISBN: 978-6-1311-8562-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The octacube is a large 3-dimensional mathematical sculpture illustrating a 4-dimensional structure (the 24-cell) in the Galois theory of operator algebras. It was designed by Adrian Ocneanu, a professor of pure mathematics at Penn State, which commissioned the sculpture. Ocneanu was also an International Mathematical Olympiad gold medalist in 1974 by recording a perfect score for his native country, Romania A feature article on the sculpture appeared in the March 2006 issue of the popular journal Playboy. A more complete technical explanation of the sculpture, including how it came to be made, how its construction was funded and its role in mathematics and physics, has been made available by...

ISBN: 978-6-1311-7728-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In geometry, an octagon is a polygon that has eight sides. A regular octagon is represented by the Schlafli symbol {8}. A regular octagon is always an octagon whose sides are all the same length and whose internal angles are all the same size. The internal angle at each vertex of a regular octagon is 135° and the sum of all the internal angles is 1080°. In many parts of the world, stop signs are in the shape of a regular octagon. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1303-2364-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In geometry, an octagram is an eight-sided star polygon. A star polygon is a non-convex polygon which looks in some way like a star. Only the regular ones have been studied in any depth; star polygons in general appear not to have been formally defined. They should not be confused with star domains. In general, an octagram is any self-intersecting octagon (8-sided polygon). The regular octagram is labeled by the Schlafli symbol {8/3}, which means an 8-sided star, connected by every 3rd point. There is one compound star figure, {8/2}, composed of two squares, called the Star of Lakshmi. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-2376-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A regular octahedron has 24 rotational (or orientation-preserving) symmetries, and a total of 48 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation. A cube has the same set of symmetries, since it is the dual of an octahedron. The group of orientation-preserving symmetries is S4, or the group of permutations of four objects, since there is exactly one such symmetry for each permutation of the four pairs of opposite sides of the octahedron. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3728-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In geometry, an octahedron (plural: octahedra) is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each vertex. Octahedron is the fifth full-length studio album by American progressive rock band The Mars Volta, released on June 23, 2009. The album was released by Warner Bros. Records in North America and Mercury Records worldwide. It debuted at #12 on the Billboard 200 Album chart with sales of 29,980 in its first week of release. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3739-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! An octahedral number is a figurate number that represents an octahedron, or two square pyramids placed together, one upside-down underneath the other. Sir Frederick Pollock conjectured in 1850 that every number is the sum of at most 7 octahedral numbers (Dickson 2005, p. 23). The triangular numbers can be generalized in various ways. As used here, and in a number of other places, the term figurate number is meant to be broadly inclusive. In historical works about Greek mathematics the preferred term is figured number. For example A history of Greek Mathematics by T. Heath and Greek Mathematical Philosophy by E.A. Maziarz. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1312-8878-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! An octant is one of eight divisions. An octant is one of 8 parts of the two-dimensional Euclidean coordinate system. Traditionally wind direction is given as one of the 8 octants (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) because that is more accurate than merely giving one of the 4 quadrants, and the wind vane typically does not have enough accuracy to bother with more precise indication. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1311-9346-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! En mathematiques, les octonions fendus sont une extension non-associative des quaternions (ou des quaternions fendus). Ils different des octonions par la signature de la forme quadratique : les octonions fendus ont une signature de fente (4,4) ou les octonions ont une signature definie positive (8,0). Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1326-3365-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The most well-known example of an octonion algebra are the classical octonions, which are an octonion algebra over R, the field of real numbers. The split-octonions also form an octonion algebra over R. Up to R-algebra isomorphism, these are the only octonion algebras over the reals. A split octonion algebra is one for which the quadratic form N is isotropic (i.e. there exists a vector x with N(x) = 0). Up to F-algebra isomorphism, there is a unique split octonion algebra over any field F. When F is algebraically closed or a finite field, these are the only octonion algebras over F. Octonion algebras are always nonassociative. They are however alternative algebras (a weaker form of...

ISBN: 978-6-1312-8946-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, the octonions are a nonassociative and noncommutative extension of the quaternions. Their 8-dimensional normed division algebra over the real numbers is the widest possible that can be obtained from the Cayley-Dickson construction. Possibly because they don't offer an associative multiplication, the octonions receive less attention than the quaternions. Despite this lack of popularity, they are related to a number of exceptional structures in mathematics, among them the exceptional Lie groups. Additionally, octonions have applications in fields such as string theory, special relativity, and quantum logic. Данное издание не является...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-3766-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In number theory, the odd greedy expansion problem concerns a method for forming Egyptian fractions in which all denominators are odd. However, there is a simpler greedy algorithm that has successfully found Egyptian fractions in which all denominators are odd for all instances x/y (with odd y) on which it has been tested: let u be the least odd number that is greater than or equal to y/x, include the fraction 1/u in the expansion, and continue in the same way with the remaining fraction x/y - 1/u. This method is called the odd greedy algorithm and the expansions it creates are called odd greedy expansions. Stein, Selfridge, Graham, and others have posed the question of whether the odd greedy...

ISBN: 978-6-1312-8959-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011