While there has been extensive research demonstrating the potential of Genetic Algorithms (GA) in a variety of practical applications, the method has not been widely adopted in practice. A significant factor in this lack of uptake is the difficulty in determining appropriate parameter settings to ensure suitable solutions are found. Generally, the most suitable GA parameters must be found for each optimisation problem, and therefore it is expected that the best parameter values would be related to the characteristics of the fitness function. This book suggests two approaches for setting GA parameter values. The first is a simple method based on population convergence due to genetic drift only, while the second considers convergence of...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-9332-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

A detonator is a device used to trigger an explosive device. Detonators can be chemically, mechanically, or electrically initiated, the latter two being the most common. The commercial use of explosives uses electrical detonators or the capped fuse which is a length of safety fuse to which an ordinary detonator has been crimped. Many detonators' primary explosive is a material called ASA compound. This compound is formed from lead azide, lead styphnate and aluminium and is pressed into place above the base charge, usually TNT or tetryl in military detonators and PETN in commercial detonators. Other materials such as DDNP are also used as the primary charge to reduce the amount of lead emitted into the atmosphere by mining and quarrying...

ISBN: 978-6-1306-1326-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Detonating cord is a thin, flexible tube with an explosive core. It is a high-speed fuse which explodes, rather than burns, and is suitable for detonating high explosives, usually pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN, Pentrite). The velocity of detonation is sufficient to use it for synchronising multiple charges to detonate almost simultaneously even if the charges are placed at different distances from the point of initiation. It is used to reliably and inexpensively chain together multiple explosive charges. Typical uses include mining, drilling, and demolitions. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после...

ISBN: 978-6-1306-3152-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The Deutschland class was a series of three Panzerschiffe ("armoured ships"), a form of heavily armed cruiser, built by the German Reichsmarine more or less in accordance with restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. The class is named after the first ship of this class to be completed (the Deutschland). She and her sister ships, the Admiral Scheer and the Admiral Graf Spee, were all launched between 1931 and 1934 and served in Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The British began referring to the vessels as pocket battleships ("a battleship that fits into a pocket"), in reference to the heavy firepower of the relatively small vessels. They were considerably smaller than a true battleship and their armor and guns were...

ISBN: 978-6-1306-6194-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

ISBN: 978-5-5097-9881-8

ISBN: 978-5-5099-5475-7

Parallel computing is simultaneous use of multiple computing resources to solve a computing problem, to reduce the computation time. To make many processors simultaneously work on a single program, the program must be divided into smaller independent chunks so that each processor can work on separate chunks of the problem. Parallel computing is the only available method to increase the computational speed and its application is rapidly increasing in the field of scientific and engineering computations. In this book parallel computing techniques are searched, developed and tested for two types of computer hardware architectures. Results also show a great reduction in computation time. The other type of computer hardware architecture which...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-6564-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This text describes the development of a cost effective pump laboratory apparatus, built from readily available materials and capable of demonstrating some important and fundamental principles in Fluid Mechanics. A logical format is adhered to, which follows the various stages of the design process. Two systems are discussed, including one which consists of a pump with interchangeable impellers and other essential elements in the circuit for generating pump curves. The second system incorporates two separate pumps with pipe networks that enable them to be switched between series and parallel operation. Different methods for measuring the flow rate and various pressure drops have been incorporated into the systems, including: Venturi flow...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-7890-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Development of Windows Vista, Windows Vista, Features new to Windows Vista, Technical features new to Windows Vista, Security and safety features new to Windows Vista, Windows Vista networking technologies, Windows Vista I/ O technologies, Management features new to Windows Vista, Features removed from Windows Vista Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1300-5797-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This thesis presents the design and development of an invisible guitar - a gesture recognition system as a guitar model and MIDI controller. The goal of this work is to build a virtual guitar as a music instrument which enable user to learn music easier as well as become MIDI controller to control a software synthesizer. The design and development process will be described step-by-step from the concept phase until the testing and analysis phase. The process covers the implementation of mass spring damper system as a physical model of a guitar string. Moreover the analysis and comparison of real guitar sound as the reference to simulate the behavior of the model is also involved and described. As the result, this system use micro...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-8642-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The aim of this research was to design and construct highly sensitive bio-analytical devices, useful in clinical profiling of patients in disease screening, diagnosis or monitoring disease progression. These novel types of immunosensors are based on either fiber optics or micro-array technology in which indium tin oxide (ITO), deposited on the non-conductive surfaces of transducers, allow the electropolymerization of newly synthesized monomers, be they light sensitive or affinity-based, for subsequent specific immobilization of bioreceptors. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения...

ISBN: 978-3-8433-7282-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is an important tool in product planning and development that is capable of improving customer satisfaction and shortening product development lifecycle. Due to that QFD is a team tool and group process, geographically distributed team members are likely to pose a challenging issue on the common practice and usage of it. In this research, a prototype Web-based QFD system has been proposed and implemented in order to mitigate the aforementioned concern. Based on the potential deficiency in technical correlation matrix, the proposed application adopts a new approach in managing the engineering correlations. Besides, user experience is expected to be improved by including various enhancements, such as...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-5736-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Considering the low skill and low per capital income of majority of developing countrie's farmers, an alternative equipment to replace manual harvesting of grains like rice and wheat must not be made sophisticated but cheap enough to operate and own. Stripper header's technology is simple and can be produced as small as possible to maneuver on the small parcel field and can be made big enough to replace conventional combine harvester's head for large farmland. The grain stripper detaches grains from the stalk head at high speed with insignificant mechanical damage to the grains and conveyed the strripped materials well into the harvester's grain tank from where it is discharged for final cleaning. Данное издание не...

ISBN: 978-3-6392-4580-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The present work is aimed at the development and polypropylene suture that can be used in surgical process as a suture. Monofilament of PP was spun and drawn. Its modification was carried out by the grafting vinylimidazole using simultaneous radiation grafting method. The effect of radiation dose, monomer concentration, and the grafting medium on the degree of grafting was evaluated. Grafted suture was characterized using several techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the grafts are confined to the amorphous region and the crystalline regions remain intact. The tenacity slightly decreases whereas the elongation increases with the...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-4379-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Inverse heat transfer method (IHTM) is typically used for predicting the temperature, heat flux, and other physical properties of a thermal system. In recent years, it has been applied to treat the problems of shape identification, shape design, and identification of geometric and physical variables simultaneously. In this volume, the conjugate gradient method (CGM) is extended and applied, while a simplified variation of CGM that overcomes the limitations in the definition of objective function form of CGM is presented. Combining these developments, a novel IHTM is proposed, which incorporates an automatic-filter scheme with the CGM method, and is applied to a wide range of practical problems for thermal systems. Since numerical grid...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-4093-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

A mathematical model is constructed to study the development of tolerance and dependence to phenobarbital in continuous use. Phenobarbital is a sedative drug targeting the brain. As a side effect, it enhances its own metabolism rate. Also in regular use, the brain adapts to its presence and is rendered less sensitive to the drug with time. This decrease in drug effectiveness urges the user to increase the dose. A feedback loop results as the increased dose affects metabolism and neuroadaptation dynamics. Because adaptive changes persist even after drug intake stops, upon abrupt discontinuation to the drug, the patient experiences unwanted rebound effects. Using the model, we monitor the drug user as he/she develops tolerance. In numerous...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-0558-5
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Sustainable development is conceptually defined and established for physical urban infrastructure development. The concept of sustainable development is now emphasizing on environmental, economical and social aspect. Enhancement of sustainability especially in urban underground infrastructure development aims to remediate various disturbances evidently caused from the development process and minimize long term negative impacts affecting prosperity of future generations. The main objective of this book is to develop and implement a modeling framework for enhancing sustainability to urban underground infrastructure. The modeling framework is named for Sustainability Assessment Model (SAM). The SAM development process focuses on identifying...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-3691-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

On two-lane roads, passing maneuvers are a complicated task that has important implications on traffic flow and safety. Two-lane rural highways constitute substantial percentage of the total roads length in Israel. On average about 20% of the fatal accidents on Israeli rural road sections are head-on accidents. This study investigates drivers' passing behavior and develops safety related models for two-lane rural highways. Several factors that affect passing behavior, such as the infrastructure, traffic and drivers' characteristics, were taken into account. Given the difficulty in collecting real world data the approach of this study was to investigate passing behavior using an interactive driving simulator in a laboratory environment....

ISBN: 978-3-6391-6010-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Considerable emphasis in scientific computing (SC) software development has been placed on the software qualities of performance and correctness. However, other software qualities have received less attention, such as the qualities of usability, maintainability, testability and reusability. Presented in this book is a survey titled "Survey on Developing Scientific Computing Software," which is apparently the first conducted to explore the current approaches to SC software development and to determine which qualities of SC software are in most need of improvement. In terms of the problems in SC software development, a solution is proposed to improve the quality of SC software by using SE methodologies, concretely, using a modified Parnas'...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-3844-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Underwater vehicle technology has been gaining in importance in the last few years. Large sections of the earth's oceans remain unexplored. The quest for energy resources under the water has given an impetus to develop fast moving underwater vehicles capable of traveling along a complex 3D trajectory. This book describes the development of a small autonomous underwater vehicle or AUV known as the Hydrocopter that can mimic the motion of a helicopter. A model was constructed and tested in a deep water tank at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.Normally the development of a new idea can be an expensive process with no guarantee of a successful outcome. However, by using available components a relatively inexpensive model can be...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-9644-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The characteristics of 3D-spacer fabrics as one of the most important lightweight materials in future are multifaceted not only owing to its extremely light materials, but also because of exceptionally high stiffness to weight ratio compared to other constructions. It can enhance the through-the-thickness properties, such as shear strength, dimensional stability, damage, tolerance, and fracture toughness that are critical for many structural applications. Spacer fabric has been employed in high-technology applications because of its critical mechanical properties related to high tensile strength, tear strength and stiffness. The fundamental aim of this book exists in the development of a new kind of woven spacer fabrics for the light...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-4114-9
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Cluster tools have become an important tool type in the semiconductor industry during the last decade. They integrate several process chambers into a tool and enable sequential process steps within one tool and/or increase capacity and availability by using several chambers in parallel for the same step. In these cluster tools, several chambers are usually served by one robot. Different process times and the parallelism of the chambers lead to practically random and competing transport tasks and therefore to a dynamic sequence of events. Therefore a static capacity analysis is often insufficient and the deduction of improvement potentials requires complex analysis of the sequence of transport job executions. Besides external influences...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-3254-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Utilizing a central-porous medium for a liquid fuel film combustor is an effective method to increase the contact surface area and conduction heat transfer for liquid fuel vaporization and flame stabilization. Based on this concept, a meso-scale liquid fuel film combustor with a central porous inlet was theoretically analyzed and confirmed its feasibility. The effects of porous material type and bead size on the flame structures and combustion characteristics are examined. Porous media made of stainless steel and bronze are tested in the meso- scale combustor with different fuel and air flow rates, equivalence ratios, and bead sizes. The flame structure and its corresponding stabilization mechanism are different between the stainless...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-0875-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) is a voluminous co-generated product of the cement manufacturing process. This book presents the feasibility of incorporating CKD, from various sources, as a replacement for Portland cement in the development of Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM) with acceptable properties. The findings show that with a little Portland cement and moderate volumes of CKD a good mix that easily satisfies the requirements of CLSM can be developed. Suitable CLSM mixes can also be produced without Portland cement, using CKD alone. The latter mixes showed reasonable fresh and hardened properties, however, increased shrinkage was observed. Sustainable development in the cement industry can be achieved by producing CLSM with moderate...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-6322-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This book studies the crash response of thin-walled beams with different cross sections. Two collapse behaviors are studied in this book, the axial collapse and the bending collapse. Mathematical equations are derived to predict and describe the thin-walled beams’ collapse mechanisms. Based on the present collapse theories, simplified finite element (FE) models and modeling methodologies are developed for different types of thin-walled beams. The developed models are validated through crashworthiness analysis and the results agree very well to those obtained from the detailed FE models. As demonstrated in this book, compared to the detailed models, the developed simplified models have reduced size and consist of less number of elements...

ISBN: 978-3-8383-1216-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011