High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a non- profit collaborative trade organization comprising more than 250 member companies in the mobile, consumer electronics, PC, and service provider industries. Alliance members have stated the common goal of using standards-based technology to make it easier for consumers to use, share and enjoy their digital photos, music and videos. As of May 2010, more than 8,000 different devices had obtained "DLNA Certified" status, indicated by a logo on their packaging and confirming their interoperability with other devices. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по...

ISBN: 978-6-1328-2366-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Baseband processing techniques for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems generally fall into two broad categories: error coding and signal spreading. This thesis addresses these issues for the Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) baseband receiver. The Third Generation Partnership Protocol (3GPP) standards will be used in specifying the system model. 3GPP systems support two forms of error coding, i.e., convolutional coding and Turbo coding. A Viterbi decoder is developed for convolutional codes to optimize the likelihood of the estimated information sequence. For Turbo coding, a Turbo decoder, which attempts to maximize the log- likelihood ratio of each information bit, is introduced. The 3GPP standards also specify long and short codes for...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-7308-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Digital evidence or electronic evidence is any probative information stored or transmitted in digital form that a party to a court case may use at trial. The use of digital evidence has increased in the past few decades as courts have allowed the use of e-mails, digital photographs, ATM transaction logs, word processing documents, instant message histories, files saved from accounting programs, spreadsheets, internet browser histories, databases, the contents of computer memory, computer backups, computer printouts, Global Positioning System tracks, logs from a hotel s electronic door locks, and digital video or audio files. While many courts in the United States have applied the Federal Rules...

ISBN: 978-6-1326-0653-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

This book analyzes the error rates of a variety of wireless digital techniques over fading channels with particular emphasis on the DPSK systems. This work leads to a useful framework to analyze the error rates of digital techniques over fading channels, and the proposal of a reduced-complexity and low-cost MIMO system for wireless communications. The analysis also simplifies and generalizes the previous results of the error rates of wireless communication techniques over independent and correlated fading channels without resorting to approximations. In addition to that, the impact of carrier synchronization on the performance of coherent digital communication systems is investigated. From practical point of view, this research study is...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-0032-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A dilution refrigerator is a cryogenic device first proposed by Heinz London. Its refrigeration process uses a mixture of two isotopes of helium: helium-3 and helium-4. When cooled below approximately 870 millikelvin, the mixture undergoes spontaneous phase separation to form a 3He-rich phase and a 3He-poor phase. As with evaporative cooling, energy is required to transport 3He atoms from the 3He-rich phase into the 3He-poor phase. If the atoms can be made to continuously cross this boundary, they effectively cool the mixture. Because the 3He-poor phase cannot have less than 6% helium-3 at equilibrium, even at absolute zero, dilution refrigeration can be effective at very low temperatures. The...

ISBN: 978-6-1338-6952-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Laser sind wichtige Werkzeuge, die aus Lehre, Forschung, Medizin, Fertigung und Entwicklung nicht mehr wegzudenken sind. Sie fuhren in ihren spezifischen Anwendungsbereichen zu hoherer Prazision, grosserem Durchsatz, weniger Material- und Arbeitsaufwand sowie zu geringeren Kosten. Zu einem wichtigen Arbeitspferd hat sich dabei der Nd:YAG Laser entwickelt. In dieser Arbeit werden anhand eines konkreten Beispiels die grundlegenden Funktionsprinzipien eines Nd:YAG Lasers beschrieben sowie die Verfahren zur Entwicklung und Charakterisierung moderner diodengepumpter Festkorperlaser erlautert und angewandt. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit liegt auf der Optimierung eines Laserresonators unter Berucksichtigung des nutzbaren Modenvolumens zur Erzeugung...

ISBN: 978-3-6390-8120-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The word diorama can either refer to a nineteenth century mobile theatre device, or, in modern usage, a three-dimensional full-size or miniature model, sometimes enclosed in a glass showcase for a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies such as military vehicle modeling, miniature figure modeling or aircraft modeling. The art of creating miniature figures and landscapes first made its appearance in the sixth century, in Japan. This art of miniature landscapes is called "Bonkei." The art of "Bonsai", the art of growing miniature trees in pots, and making them look like their natural counterparts, is thought to have its origins at around this same time period. The...

ISBN: 978-6-1338-2469-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The quill replaced the reed pen across Europe by the Early Middle Ages. Quills are fashioned by cutting a nib into the end of a feather obtained from a fairly large bird, such as a goose. A quill has the advantage of being more durable and more flexible than a reed pen, and it can also retain ink in the hollow shaft of the feather, known as the calamus, allowing more writing time between ink dippings. The quill was in common use until the early 19th century and the advent of the metal nib. For business purposes, the quill was fairly quickly overtaken; however, it remains popular for personal use and for artistic work. Данное издание не является оригинальным....

ISBN: 978-6-1303-6713-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A dip pen or nib pen usually consists of a metal nib with capillary channels like those of fountain pen nibs, mounted on a handle or holder, often made of wood. Other materials can be used for the holder, including bone, metal and plastic, while some pens are made entirely of glass. Generally speaking, dip pens have no ink reservoir; therefore the user has to recharge the ink from an ink bowl or bottle in order to continue drawing or writing. (However, there are simple, tiny tubular reservoirs that illustrators sometimes clip onto dip pens; these allow drawing for several minutes without recharging the nib.) Recharging can be done by dipping into an inkwell; however, some illustrators and...

ISBN: 978-6-1303-6594-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The basic idea of transferring fluids to surfaces using Scanning Probe Microscopy related techniques was put forward in a series of patents beginning with US 5751683 and US 6353219 continuing through to the present. Derivative works of this basic series of technology include Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe lithography technique where an atomic force microscope tip is used to transfer molecules to a surface via a solvent meniscus. This technique allows surface patterning on scales of under 100 nanometres. DPN is the nanotechnology analog of the dip pen (also called the quill pen), where the tip of an atomic force microscope cantilever acts as a "pen," which is coated with a...

ISBN: 978-6-1326-3392-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A diplomatic bag, also known as a diplomatic pouch, is an envelope, parcel, shipping container or any other kind of receptacle used by diplomatic missions. As long as it is externally marked to show its status, the bag has diplomatic immunity from search or seizure, as codified in article 27 of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. It may only contain articles intended for official use. It need not be a bag. In fact, no size limit is specified by the convention. It is often escorted by a diplomatic courier, who is similarly immune from arrest and detention. In discussions of cryptography, the diplomatic bag is conventionally used as an example of the ultimate secure channel used...

ISBN: 978-6-1316-7716-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a type of weapon that emits energy in an aimed direction without the means of a projectile. It transfers energy to a target for a desired effect. Some of these weapons are real or in development; others are at present only science fiction. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1306-1395-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) or direct dial is a telecommunications term for a network-provided service feature in which a call originator may, without operator assistance, call any other user outside the local calling area. DDD requires more digits in the number dialed than are required for calling within the local area or area code. DDD also extends beyond the boundaries of national public telephone network, in which case it is called International Direct Dialling or International Direct Distance Dialing (IDDD). DDD is a North American Numbering Plan term considered obsolete since completing a call in any manner other than direct dialing became rare. In the United Kingdom and other parts of...

ISBN: 978-6-1308-8958-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Direct broadcast satellite is a term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception. A designation broader than DBS would be direct-to-home signals, or DTH. This was initially meant to distinguish the transmissions directly intended for home viewers from cable television distribution services that sometimes carried on the same satellite. The term DTH predates DBS satellites and is often used in reference to services carried by lower power satellites which required larger dishes for reception. In Europe, prior to the launch of Astra 1A in 1988, the term DBS was commonly used to describe the nationally-commissioned satellites planned and launched to provide TV broadcasts to the home within several European...

ISBN: 978-6-1307-4565-3
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

During continuous casting of steel, the delta-ferrite to austenite phase transition occurs following solidification. It is of great industrial significance to gain a better understanding of the nature of this reaction because product quality is in large measure determined by events occurring during and shortly following solidification. Moreover, the exact way in which delta-ferrite transforms to austenite may influence the subsequent transformation of austenite to ferrite, by which much of the mechanical properties of the steel is determined. Relatively little attention has been devoted to the delta-ferrite to austenite phase transition in the past, in part because of the difficulty of making in-situ observations at the high temperature....

ISBN: 978-3-6390-8515-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Kinematic mapping is a valuable tool to deal with difficult direct kinematics problems. It should have successful application in other areas of kinematics as well. However, it has been ignored by most engineers. One reason may be that it is rooted in 19th century projective geometry, while most engineers are familiar only with the older, traditional Euclidean geometry. Hence, many reject kinematic mapping at the first glance when confronted by its peculiar, sometimes intuitively unrealistic, possibly confusing and overly complicated concepts. It is humbly suggested that we might initially avoid the details of the basic geometry in order not to scare off potential users when introducing them to kinematic mapping. The authors found this...

ISBN: 978-3-6391-5037-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In telecommunications, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique. As with other spread spectrum technologies, the transmitted signal takes up more bandwidth than the information signal that is being modulated. The name 'spread spectrum' comes from the fact that the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum) of a device's transmitting frequency. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1328-2251-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Direct digital manufacturing is a manufacturing process which creates physical parts directly from 3D CAD files or data using additive fabrication techniques, also called 3D printing or Rapid Prototyping. The primary distinction between the use of other terms to describe 3D printing is that Additive Freeform Fabrication is solely intended to describe a 3D printed part that is to be used as the final product with minimal post-processing. Whereas other terms used to describe Rapid Prototpying, Additive Freeform Fabrication and the like are simply alternative ways of describing the 3D printing process itself. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...

ISBN: 978-6-1328-1401-2
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A direct shear test is a laboratory test used by geotechnical engineers to find the shear strength parameters of soil. In the U.S., the standard defining how the test should be performed is ASTM D 3080. The test is performed on three or four specimens from a relatively undisturbed soil sample. A specimen is placed in a shear box which has two stacked rings to hold the sample; the contact between the two rings is at approximately the mid- height of the sample. A confining stress is applied vertically to the specimen, and the upper ring is pulled laterally until the sample fails, or through a specified strain. The load applied and the strain induced is recorded at frequent intervals to determine...

ISBN: 978-6-1308-4857-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is an additive metal fabrication technology developed by EOS out of Munich, Germany. The process involves use of a 3D CAD model whereby a .stl file is created and sent to the machine’s software. A technician works with this 3D model to properly orient the geometry for part building and adds supports structure as appropriate. Once this ‘build file’ has been completed, it is ‘sliced’ into the layer thickness the machine will build in and downloaded to the DMLS machine allowing the build to begin. The DMLS machine uses a high-powered 200 Watt Yb-fiber optic laser....

ISBN: 978-6-1328-5031-7
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Direction finding refers to the establishment of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted. This can refer to radio or other forms of wireless communication. By combining the direction information from two or more suitably spaced receivers, the source of a transmission may be located in space via triangulation. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1306-4891-6
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

The term dirty bomb refers to a speculative radiological weapon which combines radioactive material with conventional explosives. Though an RDD would be designed to disperse radioactive material over a large area, a bomb that uses conventional explosives would likely have more immediate lethal effect than the radioactive material. At levels created from most probable sources, not enough radiation would be present to cause severe illness or death. A test explosion and subsequent calculations done by the United States Department of Energy found that assuming nothing is done to clean up the affected area and everyone stays in the affected area for one year, the radiation exposure would be "fairly high", but not fatal. Recent analysis of the...

ISBN: 978-6-1302-1265-0
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A disc harrow is a farm implement that is used to cultivate the soil where crops are to be planted. It is also used to chop up unwanted weeds or crop remainders. It consists of many iron or steel discs which have slight concavity and are arranged into two or four sections. When viewed from above, the four sections would appear to form an "X" which has been flattened to be wider than it is tall. The discs are also offset so that they are not parallel with the overall direction of the implement. This is so they slice the ground they cut over a little bit to optimize the result. The concavity of the discs as well as their being offset causes them to loosen and pickup the soil they cut....

ISBN: 978-6-1308-2645-1
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Disc2Phone is a freeware developed by Sony for Sony Ericsson phones to convert music from a computer or audio CD to MP3 format and send them to a Sony Ericsson mobile phone or to a Memory Stick card. This program first came with the PC suite of the first Walkman phone W800i in 2005. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1337-4781-4
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT) is a 4.3- meter aperture telescope being built for Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona and will be the fifth largest telescope in the continental United States once completed in 2011. The DCT is currently under construction at a dark sky site on the Coconino National Forest near Happy Jack, Arizona. Happy Jack is located at an elevation of 7,760 feet (2,370 m) and is approximately 45 miles SSE of Flagstaff. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.

ISBN: 978-6-1337-6440-8
Издательство: Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011