This study presents a mathematical model to simulate hydrodynamics and fluid-mineral reactions. Fluid convection, diffusion and precipitation / dissolution (PD) reactions inside a finite space are solved. The problem involves mass transfer within the fluid accompanied by chemical reaction at rough surface. As an example, this model shows the time evolution of fracture aperture shrinkage patterns caused by the calcite cementation. We present the aperture width distribution along the fracture. As a second subject, the reactive transport model of CO2 sequestration in aquifers is studied. CO2 can be sequestered by hydrodynamic trapping, solubility trapping and mineral trapping. Mineral trapping is the most stable way of CO2 sequestration in...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-5967-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A reaction control system, abbreviated RCS, is a subsystem of a spacecraft. Its purpose is attitude control and steering. An RCS system is capable of providing small amounts of thrust in any desired direction or combination of directions. An RCS is also capable of providing torque to allow control of rotation (pitch, yaw, and roll). This is contrast to a spacecraft's main engine, which is only capable of providing thrust in one direction, but is much more powerful. RCS systems often use combinations of large and smaller (vernier) thrusters, to allow different levels of response from the combination. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-7101-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The problems treated in this book are very simple in nature: how to route n vehicles in real time in a fast varying environment to pickup and deliver m passengers when both n and m are large? These problems are very relevant to future transportation options involving large scale real-time routing of shared-ride fleet transit vehicles. But, even if the nature of these problems looks so simple, solving them is not so straight forward, specially finding fast and reliable solutions. Traditionally, dynamic routing solutions were found as static approximations for smaller-scale problems or using local heuristics for the larger-scale ones. Generally heuristics used for these types of problems do not consider global optimality. This work...
ISBN: 978-3-8364-2171-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Until today it is very hard to judge if the torque and drag of the drill string moved in the well is at a normal level or begins to become abnormal what usually is the indicator that costly problems are arising. Whith the use of neural networks it is possible to let the computer learn what torque and drag levels are good and which are bad without the use of one formula. No parameters have to be tuned or changed through out the operation. The neural networks once trained with history drilling data are very fast and can easily be used to be operated in real time while drilling and tripping. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-6479-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book describes a comprehensive approach to identify and deal with real options “in” projects, that is, those real options (flexibility) that are integral parts of the technical design. It attempts to specify analytically the design parameters that provide good opportunities for flexibility for any specific engineering system. It proposes a two-stage integrated process: options identification followed by options analysis. The options identification stage discovers the design elements most likely to provide worthwhile flexibility, including a screening and a simulation model. Options analysis stage develops a stochastic mixed-integer programming model to value options. This approach decreases the complexity and size of the models...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-0371-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS), according to international standards, are used to track and identify the location of objects in real time using simple, inexpensive nodes (badges/tags) attached to or embedded in objects and devices (readers) that receive the wireless signals from these tags to determine their locations. RTLS typically refers to systems that provide passive (automatic) collection of location information. According to ISO/IEC JTC1 SC31 and the accepted standard ISO/IEC 19762-5 an RTLS (real-time locating system) is a combination of wireless hardware and real-time software that is used to continuously determine and provide the real time position of assets and resources equipped with devices designed to operate with the...
ISBN: 978-6-1303-0610-6
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Autonomous systems perform complex tasks to analyse and to react on their environment. One way to handle this complexity is distributing the functionality to several hardware modules. Even in small autonomous systems the predictability of the communication and the synchronization of all modules is vitally important. This book provides a survey of five protocols that play a major role in the automotive industry and in the domain of real-time communication: CAN, LIN, Flexray, TTP/C, and TTP/A. The protocols are compared and analysed regarding their suitability for small autonomous systems. Following the results of this investigation, TTP/A is ported to the hardware of the Tinyphoon robot, a research platform for small autonomous and...
ISBN: 978-3-8364-8521-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Enkhsaikhan Boldsaikhan, A. M. Logar, E. M. Corwin
The focus of the book is to demonstrate a feasibility study for detecting wormhole defects using the frequency spectrum, phase space, and time spectrum of feedback forces in real-time. It is asserted here that the oscillations of the feedback forces are related to the dynamics of the plasticized material flow and that the feedback forces can provide useful information for detecting wormhole defects. Two real-time feedback-force evaluation algorithms are developed for assessing the weld quality. A probability of detection analysis is conducted to compare the wormhole-detection performance of the two algorithms. Both algorithms detect defects greater than 0.5 mm with 95% mean probability of detection, and both algorithms evaluate...
ISBN: 978-3-8383-5298-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
The discipline known as computer vision strives to extract a sense of meaning from the patterns of light falling across a sensor. Many difficulties hinder the advancement of this cause, ranging from ambiguity as to what form best encapsulates the structure of the information, to the intractable computational bandwidth required to process sensor images of sufficiently high resolution. One promising outlet to overcoming such difficulties is to learn from the single system that has already found solutions to many of the inherent problems: biological vision. I develop a system of neurons inspired by a subset of the visual areas present in the primate brain in order to direct the “gaze” of a pan-tilt camera in real-time to salient areas...
ISBN: 978-3-8433-7630-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Cochlear implant (CI) patients have difficulty understanding tonal languages which use pitch variations to convey meaning because of poor pitch perception. The ability of CI patients to communicate in noisy environments is severely degraded. Therefore, pitch-detection and (spatial) noise suppression is of importance to current cochlear implant devices. This thesis provides the details of real-time implementations that address these concerns. A pitch-detector was implemented to estimate the pitch and a beamformer was implemented to suppress spatial noise. The pitch-detection and the beamforming algorithms were implemented on an ARM based processor of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The pitch-detection algorithm is based on the...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-4070-5
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an attractive control methodology widely adopted by the process industry, since optimal operation of the plant can be achieved while taking constraints into account. Success of a practical implementation of MPC in real time then depends on how fast the optimal control input can be obtained. The computational burden can be significantly reduced by pre-computing the optimal solution for all possible operating scenarios using multi-parametric programming. This allows to reduce the task of MPC implementation to a simple set-membership test, which can be performed efficiently on low-cost hardware. For researchers and process engineers, this book provides a compact overview of the field of multi-parametric...
ISBN: 978-3-6392-0644-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Real-time locating systems, according to international standards, incorrectly named "real-time location systems", are used to track and identify the location of objects in real time using simple, inexpensive nodes attached to or embedded in objects and devices that receive the wireless signals from these tags to determine their locations. RTLS typically refers to systems that provide passive or active collection of location information. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1303-1762-1
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
New emissions regulations and performance requirements imposed on modern diesel engines encourage the development of improved tools for emissions measurements. This study investigated one of the improved tools for NOx emissions measurement. It focused on measurement, comparison and prediction of NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines using two different NOx analyzers. Steady state and transient tests were conducted on six heavy-duty diesel engines and NOx emissions were measured using a conventional Rosemount NOx analyzer and a Cambustion fast response NOx analyzer.Test data obtained from both the analyzers were compared and contrasted. Instantaneous emissions data obtained from the fast NOx analyzer were used to create emissions...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-3320-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! RealAudio is a proprietary audio format developed by RealNetworks. It uses a variety of audio codecs, ranging from low-bitrate formats that can be used over dialup modems, to high-fidelity formats for music. It can also be used as a streaming audio format, that is played at the same time as it is downloaded. In the past, many internet radio stations used RealAudio to stream their programming over the internet in real time. In recent years, however, the format has become less common and has given way to more popular audio formats. It is used heavily by the BBC websites, though its use on the site is being phased out. The first version of RealAudio was released in 1995. As of 2008 the current...
ISBN: 978-6-1303-3175-7
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
RealD Cinema is a digital stereoscopic projection technology. It is the world's most widely used technology for watching 3D movies in theatres and is the cheapest to install and maintain. It requires only one projector, unlike older film-based stereoscopic 3D projection technology. A high-resolution, digital cinema grade video projector is used. The projectors use Texas Instruments' Digital Light Processing device or Sony's reflective liquid crystal display. RealD has an exclusive agreement with Sony to provide technology to project 3D movies with the Sony 4K projector Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...
ISBN: 978-6-1302-7988-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! RealMedia is a multimedia container format created by RealNetworks. Its extension is ".rm". It is typically used in conjunction with RealVideo and RealAudio and is used for streaming content over the Internet. Typically these streams are in CBR. Recently, RealNetworks has developed a new container for VBR streams, named RMVB. Support of RealMedia is available in a wide variety of multimedia players for different architectures/platforms, including RealPlayer and the Real Alternative codec pack. The open source DAP firmware Rockbox has added support for reading RM containers as of 6 July 2009, although only certain codecs contained in RM files are playable. Данное издание не...
ISBN: 978-6-1303-3184-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Incomplete knowledge of plant or disturbance dynamics complicates the design of a feedback control system. Uncertainty in plant dynamics can cause feedback instabilities, and uncertainty in disturbance dynamics may deteriorate feedback performance. In this monograph, we develop and analyze methods that can be used tune feedback controllers to overcome these two difficulties. Several algorithms are presented that deal with uncertainty in the disturbance model alone. Time- varying internal models are used to reject time- varying disturbances, and the stability and performance of the feedback system is carefully analyzed. The situation where the disturbance and the plant models are both uncertain is also considered, and a new algorithm is...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-8246-0
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Rebecca/Eureka transponding radar was a transponder system used as a radio homing beacon by means of a Eureka ground emitter responding to queries from an airborne Rebecca interrogator. The airborne Rebecca interrogator transmitted 300 3-4 ?Sec pulses per second on a frequency between 170 and 234 MHz. Upon receiving this signal the mobile, ground based Eureka rebroadcast the pulses on a different frequency. This rebroadcast signal was received by two directional 'Yagi' array aerials on the aircraft carrying the Rebecca unit. The difference in signal amplitude between the two aerials gave the bearing of the Eureka beacon, while the delay between transmission and reception of the return...
ISBN: 978-6-1304-0969-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster
Rebreather. Breathing gas, Timeline of diving technology, Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus, Full face diving mask, Diving cylinder, Decompression stop, IDA71, Blackett's Aerophor, Siebe Gorman Proto, SEFA, Cis- Lunar, Frogman Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1300-5616-2
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! ITU-R Recommendation BT.601, more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 601 or BT.601 (or its former name, CCIR 601,) is a standard published by International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunications sector (formerly CCIR) for encoding interlaced analogue video signals in digital form. It includes methods of encoding 525-line 60 Hz and 625-line 50 Hz signals, both with 720 luminance samples and 360 chrominance samples per line. The color encoding system is known as YUV 4:2:2. For a pair of pixels, the data are stored in the order Y1:Cb:Y2:Cr, with the chrominance samples co-sited with the first luminance sample. Данное издание не является...
ISBN: 978-6-1305-2949-9
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In English speaking countries the term most frequently applies to the printed record given to a customer at checkout that lists the purchases made, the total amount of the transaction including taxes, discounts and other adjustments, the amount paid and the method of payment. Increasingly, these receipts may also include messages from the retailer, warranty or return details, special offers, advertisements or coupons. Receipts may also be provided for non-retail operations such as banking transactions. A receipt is a legal document Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд...
ISBN: 978-6-1303-4233-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A radio receiver is an electronic circuit that receives its input from an antenna, uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio signal from all other signals picked up by this antenna, amplifies it to a level suitable for further processing, and finally converts through demodulation and decoding the signal into a form usable for the consumer, such as sound, pictures, digital data, measurement values, navigational positions, etc. Данное издание не является оригинальным. Книга печатается по технологии принт-он-деманд после получения заказа.
ISBN: 978-6-1303-1422-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken
Reciprocating motion , also called reciprocation, is an up-and-down (or back-and-forth) motion which repeats over and over again. It is found in a wide range of mechanisms such as reciprocating engines and pumps. The two opposite motions that comprise a single reciprocation cycle are called strokes. A crank can be used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or conversely turn reciprocating motion into circular motion. As an example, inside of an internal combustion engine an explosion within the cylinder periodically pushes the piston down, and through the connecting rod pushes the crankshaft around. The continuing rotation of the crankshaft drives the piston back up, ready for the next cycle. The piston moves in a...
ISBN: 978-6-1303-0963-3
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011
This book describes several techniques using Acoustic Emission (AE) to monitor the performance of the reciprocating machinery . It illustrate the data acquisition system setup, including sensors, signal conditioning and computer hardware and software. Several computational data analysis techniques are used to interpret the raw AE data into meaningful information. The experiments focus on the automatic evaluation of running conditions including fuel mixture strength, speed and in-cylinder pressure, but the detection of a number of common machinery faults is also demonstrated. A range of machines, from a small diesel engine to a large marine engine and a process hyper-compressor have been investigated in order to develop an approach that...
ISBN: 978-3-6391-9056-4
Издательство:
Книга по требованию
Дата выхода: июль 2011