High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ramipril (marketed as Prilace by Arrow Pharmaceuticals in Australia, Ramipro by Westfield Pharma in the Philippines, Tritace by Sanofi-Aventis and Altace by King Pharmaceuticals in the United States) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ranolazine, sold under the trade name Ranexa by Gilead Sciences (who acquired the developer, CV Therapeutics in 2009), is an antianginal medication. In India, it is sold under the name "Ranozex". On January 31, 2006, ranolazine was approved for use in the United States by the FDA for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! As defined by IUPAC, rare earth elements or rare earth metals are a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements since they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. Examples include oxygen ions and peroxides. Reactive oxygen species are highly reactive due to the presence of unpaired valence shell electrons. ROS form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, during times of environmental stress (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. This cumulates into a situation known as oxidative stress. ROS are also generated by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Renzapride is a gastroprokinetic agent and antiemetic which acts as a full 5-HT4 full agonist and 5-HT3 antagonist. It also functions as a 5-HT2B antagonist and has some affinity for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, though it is unlikely that these properties contribute to its therapeutic effects.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Retigabine (INN) or ezogabine (USAN), codenamed D-23129, is an anticonvulsant used as a treatment for partial epilepsies. The drug was developed by Valeant Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline. It was approved by the European Medicines Agency under the trade name Trobalt on March 28, 2011, and by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under the trade name Potiga, on June 10, 2011.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Retinol is one of the animal forms of vitamin A. It is a diterpenoid and an alcohol. It is convertible to other forms of vitamin A, and the retinyl ester derivative of the alcohol serves as the storage form of the vitamin in animals.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Retinal, also called retinaldehyde or vitamin A aldehyde, is one of the many forms of vitamin A (the number of which varies from species to species). Retinal is a polyene chromophore, and bound to proteins called opsins, is the chemical basis of animal vision. Bound to proteins called type 1 rhodopsins, retinal allows certain microorganisms to convert light into metabolic energy.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Rhamnazin is an O-methylated flavonol, a type of chemical compound. It can be found in Rhamnus petiolaris, a buckthorn plant endemic to Sri Lanka.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Rhamnose (Rham) is a naturally occurring deoxy sugar. It can be classified as either a methyl-pentose or a 6-deoxy-hexose. Rhamnose occurs in nature in its L-form as L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose). This is unusual, since most of the naturally occurring sugars are in D-form. Exceptions are the methyl pentoses L-fucose and L-rhamnose and the pentose L-arabinose.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Rhizoxin is an antimitotic agent with anti-tumor activity. It is isolated from a pathogenic plant fungus (Rhizopus microsporus) which causes rice seedling blight.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Rhodanine is an organic compound derived from thiazolidine. Rhodanine can be prepared by the reaction of carbon disulfide, ammonia, and chloroacetic acid.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Rhodinol is a monoterpene alcohol that occurs naturally in geranium and citronella oils. It is used in cosmetics and perfumery to impart flowery odors.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ribose is an organic compound with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with linear form H–(C=O)–(CHOH)4–H, which has all the hydroxyl groups on the same side in the Fischer projection.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ribulose is a ketopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including a ketone functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5. Two enantiomers are possible, D-ribulose (D-erythro-pentulose) and L-ribulose (L-erythro-pentulose). D-Ribulose is the diastereomer of D-xylulose.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Rieske proteins are iron-sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes which were first discovered and isolated by John S. Rieske and co-workers in 1964. It is a unique cluster in that one of the two Fe atoms is coordinated by two histidine residues rather than two cysteine residues. They have since been found in plants, animals, and bacteria with widely ranging electron reduction potentials from -150 to +400 mV.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ripuarian Franks (Latin: Ripuarii) is a distinction of the Frankish people made by a number of writers in the Latin language of the first several centuries of the Christian Era. It is generally conceded that, the lack of any reference whatever to the Franks under that name in any major or minor source, dating to before the Christian Era suggests the "Franks" and "Francia" are innovations dating to no earlier than the first few centuries of that era.